The successful artificial stimulation of living tissue by electrode implantation holds forth the prospect of visual prosthesis for the blind, cochlear prosthesis for the deaf, and the use of hitherto paralyzed limbs. a key problem in evolving an electrode implant technology base is the ability to… More

The production of commercially important chemical feedstocksby microbial fermentation is hindered by the inability to monitor the onset of product and/or byproduct formation. since many microorganisms utilizing glucose as a substrate generate carboxylic acids, an "in situ" organic acid sensor would… More

There is a need to develop a process whereby organic octane enhancers, currently synthesized from imported petrochemicals, may be obtained from a domestic renewable resource such as woody biomass. pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials at temperatures above 300 degree cinvariably leads to… More

The key problem inhibiting the development of high energy rechargeable li batteries is the poor cycleability of the li electrode. although major advances in this technology have been made over the last five years, significant improvements in controlling li-electrolyte reactivity are still required.… More

Intracelluar calcium is currently the subject of widespread interest as a second messenger that triggers and regulates cell activation. a series of improved ca(2+)-chelating agents that can be used for nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and fluorescence imaging will be synthesized and evaluated for… More

Covalent associates, inc. proposes the synthesis of a new fluorophore for intracellular glutathione determination. the reaction product of the fluorophore with thiols will have longer wavelength adsorption and emission and higher quantum yield than the best cytosolic thiol flurophore currently in… More

A series of improved fluorescent dyes specific for complexing ca2+ will be synthesized and evaluated for their absorption and emission characteristics and their ability tobind ca2+. these chelators incorporate benzocoumarin laser dye fluorophores, which have desirable high-quantum yields and visible… More

Rechargeable power sources possessing high energy densities, brief butrepetitive high current outputs, and thousands of duty cycles are required for strategic defense systems. to address these needs, high surface area, thin film cathodes are being fabricated for ambient temperature lithium… More

The key problem inhibiting the development of high energy rechargeable li batteries is the poor cycleability of the lielectrode. although major advances in technology have been made over the last seven years, significant improvements in electrolyte stability and conductivity are still required.… More

Nasa has current and future needs for high energy density rechargeable batteries for use in spacecraft and planetary rover missions. these applications require batteries that can safely deliver in excess of 1,000 deep discharge cycles at a 10 ma/cm2 rate while providing a specific energy density of… More

This proposal addresses the problem of characterizing the state of a rechargeable li battery as a function of cycle life history. because all li batteries are hermetically sealed, we have chosen to evaluate the amount and distribution of li-electrolyte degradation products in situ by the application… More

A need exists to develop robust, adhesive insulating coatings for biomedical hardware implanted in vivo. although many organic polymers have been found to be bio- compatible, long-term adhesion to metal substrates has yet to be achieved. researchers will prepare novel composite films that interlock… More

The navy currently uses aqueous electrolyte-based mg primary batteries in a variety of weapons systems. owing to parasitic mg/h(2)o corrosion reactions, deliverable voltages and energy densities are substantially less than theoretical. moreover, voltage delays often compromise performance and theeby… More

For consumer applications in particular, all solid state rechargeable lithium (li) batteries based on polymer electrolytes offer safety, high energy density, excellent shelf life, and reliability. the key impediment precluding their introduction into the marketplace is poor electrolyte conductivity:… More

State-of-the-art, implantable, nickel-cadmium (ni-cd) rechargeable batteries used in ventricular assist systems offer barely adequate energy density and cycle life. advances in rechargeable battery technology would greatly improve the day-to-day comfort of patients while simultaneously reducing the… More

It is planned to synthesize a new family of lipophilic li(+)ion fluorophores that may ultimately find use in a variety of applications of interest to cell physiologists and neuroscientists. these fluorophores will be able to function in cell membranes as lithium ion carriers to transport li(+) into… More

We propose to develop a fiber optic probe for lithium ion based on new fluorescent lithium ion carriers immobilized onfiber optic bundles by langmuir-blodgett film techniques. in phase i the new fluorescent ionophore will be synthesizedand tested for li/na specificity. optical properties will also… More

The air force has a need for high performance, light weight, rechargeable power sources for a variety of space power applications including low earth orbit platforms. our ongoing efforts in non-aqueous rechargeable battery r&d suggested that the intrinsically safe, highly efficient ai electrode may… More

High-energy-density, rechargeable lithium batteries are being considered by nasa for future manned and unmanned missions. because lithium batteries containing non-aqueous electrolytes are highly sensitive to overcharge, especially when individual cells are connected in series, an adequate overcharge… More

To commercialize high energy density, rechargeable lithium (li) polymer electrolyte-based batteries, two problems must be solved: (1) the optimization of the charge and mass transfer properties at the li/electrolyte interface (or the lithium carbon composite/electrolyte interface in the case of a… More

The Navy requires high energy density batteries to power underwater vehicles. The Li/LiX Co O2 cell has been identified as a promising redox couple for this particular application. A formidable stumbling block to the advancement of this technology resides in the inability of non-aqueous electrolytes… More

We will synthesize and study fluorescent probes for hypoxic cells. The optical properties of the new compounds will be evaluated. Their ability to discriminate between hypoxic and oxic cells will be tested in cell cultures. These new probes will selectively bind to biomolecules in hypoxic cells.… More

We propose to synthesize and test new fluorescent indicators for the lithium ion in aqueous solution. The indicators are designed to be water soluble and to respond selectively to Li+ by undergoing a shift in absorption and emission wavelengths. The proposed compounds will be of primary interest for… More

There is a great deal of interest in implantable stimulation electrodes for use in neural prostheses. Such devices would be used to stimulate non-functional neural pathways to allow the recipient to regain control of muscles or improve optic and aural sensory input. Development of these devices has… More

We will synthesize new probes for the determination of intracellular glutathione and other cellular thiols. the reaction product of the probes with thiols will have longer wavelength absorption and emission and higher quantum yield than the best cytosolic thiol fluorophores currently in use for cell… More

The U.S. Army requires safe, high rate, high energy density rechargeable bipolar Li batteries to power a wide range of manportable electronic equipment. Although remarkable strides in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) technology for rechargeable Li batteries have been made, serious problems with… More

The U. S. Air Force requires capacitors with both high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities for bridge power applications. While aqueous RuO*x*-based capacitors, currently being developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative, have excellent burst power capability, they are extremely… More

We will synthesize and test new lipophilic fluorescent ionophores for measuring calcium ionconcentrations in aqueous solutions. The ionophores are designed to be soluble in synthetic membranesand to respond selectively to Ca2+ in a contacting aqueous solution by undergoing a shift in absorptionand… More

High voltage cells containing LiCoO2 as the cathode mate!!!! known to lose capacity on open circuit storage at room tempers above in methyl formate-based electrolytes2. This capacity lob ascribed to the strain placed on the LiCoO2 lattice as x O.5 as the slow, irreversible oxidation of the… More

Preliminary evidence now exists that glutathione (GSH) acts as a neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous systems. Binding constants for receptor sites have been measured using radiolabeled GSH on synaptic membranes and on cultured astrocyte cells. There is evidence for GSH receptor sites… More

The need for environmentally clean sources of energy for vehicular propulsion is driving a worldwide effort to develop high energy density "supercapacitors". These electronic devices are expected to work in tandem with advanced batteries or fuel cells to provide burst power required for acceleration… More

Two years ago, Sony Corporation stunned the rechargeable battery industry with a commercial "lithium-ion" battery comprised of a carbonaceous anode and an expensive LiCoO2 cathode. While suitable for high end consumer electronics, LiCoO2 will not be economical for high capacity "dual-use"… More

In this Phase I SBIR program we propose to develop a novel high voltage (5V) lithium-ion battery suitable for portable electronics equipmentand transportation applications. Lithium-ion batteries are already commercially available and typically consist of carbon anode, non-aqueous electrolyte and… More

40424 November 18, 1996 Covalent Associates, Inc. Over the last decade, extensive work has focused on increasing the energy and power density of electrochemical capacitors. Applications such as hybrid propulsion systems for electric vehicles have in… More

50963-98-I Irreversibility Compensated Metal Oxide Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries--Covalent Associates, Inc., 10 State Street, Woburn, MA 01801-6820; (781) 938-1140 Dr. K. M. Abraham, Principal Investigator Dr. K. M. Abraham, Business Official DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER82556 Amount: … More

50959-98-I Novel Polymer Electrolytes with High Ambient Temperature Conductivity--Covalent Associates, Inc., 10 State Street, Woburn, MA 01801-6820; (781) 938-1140 Dr. K. M. Abraham, Principal Investigator Dr. K. M. Abraham, Business Official DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER82555 Amount: … More

Polymer electrolytes with significantly higher conductivity and stability than that of the present generation materials are needed to develop batteries for the individual soldier. To this end, Covalent Associates will develop single ion-conducting polymer electrolytes from enzyme catalyzed… More

High Energy and Power Ultracapacitors Utilizing Novel Type III Polymers and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes DOE Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER86074 Amount: $100,000 Small Business Covalent Associates, Inc. 10 State Street Woburn, MA 01801-6820 Dr. Alan B. McEwan, Principal Investigator Dr. K.M. Abraham,… More

Not Available Precision navigation is key to future warfighting doctrine. The ability to accomplish extremely accurate en-route, targeting, and terminal operations based upon precision navigation has become an assumption of battle planning and warfighting operations. The Global Positioning System… More

Not Available This proposed program will demonstrate feasibility of a cost-effective, rapid, new, radiation & atomic oxygen (AO) resistant white or highly conductive thermooptical black cationic coating technology for protecting high strength organic (PBO, PE etc.) or

Not Available Advanced detectors and detector arrays for high energy sensing can significantly benefit from the availability of small, low-noise, wire bondable resistors with less than 4% resistance changes from room temperature to 1 K. Similarly resistor arrays can reduce the bulk and simplify the… More

State-of-the-art rechargeable batteries are incapable of providing the high energy densities required in order to free the device-implanted patient from a tethered external power source. The ability to provide a left ventricular assisted device patient or implanted artificial heart patient with… More

The U.S. Air Force requires that rechargeable lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries operate at the extremes of a thermal envelope that cannot be met with present-day battery technology. Based on some new materials developed by us and some preliminary resultsobtained with them, we believe that a new family… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): State-of-the-art rechargeable batteries are incapable of providing the high energy densities required in order to free the device-implanted patient from a tethered external power source. The ability to provide a left ventricular assisted device patient or… More

The U.S. Air Force requires lithium-ion batteries operating at the extremes of a thermal envelope that cannot be met with commercially available electrolyte technology. Based upon our Phase I results several novel electrolyte formulations were developed that were shown to enable Li-ion cell cycling… More

The U.S. Air Force requires rechargeable thermal battery technology that can function at low skin temperatures for use in advanced weapons systems. Based on proof-of-concept experiments conducted by us, we believe that a rechargeable thermal battery technology may be achieved by marrying "off the… More

The U.S. Air Force requires advanced lubricants (oils and greases) that can perform at elevated temperatures and under a high vacuum for military and aerospace applications. Additionally, the rapidly growing field of microelectromechanical systems requires advanced lubricants for moving parts… More

The U.S. Air Force requires advanced lubricants that will outperform state-of-the-art lubricants at elevated temperatures and under a high vacuum for a broad spectrum of military and aerospace applications. Additionally, the rapidly growing field of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) requires… More

NASA requires advanced high power primary lithium batteries for ultra low temperature applications. The key component that limits the performance at low temperature is the battery electrolyte. Proof-of-concept experiments have shown that Covalent's new non-aqueous electrolyte formulations greatly… More

A need exists to significantly improve the low temperature performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries presently being developed for U.S. Army field applications. State-of-the-art Li-ion battery performance rapidly declines as the temperature falls below -10°C; yet high rate capability with… More

In the oil and gas drilling industry, the temperature in deep wells can reach 250°C ¿ well beyond the temperature at which electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) can be used to safely and reliably power instrumentation. In fact, at temperatures above 85°C, the performance of EDLCs… More

A need exists to significantly improve the low temperature performance of lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries presently being developed for U.S. Army field applications. State-of-the-art Li-ion battery performance rapidly declines as the temperature falls below -20 degrees C; yet high rate capability… More