The metalforming industry is actively seeking methods to analyze the material flow during production processes. accurate computer modelling would provide an efficient scientific basis for process design. two-dimensional finite-element analysis has been used to successfully model several metalforming… More

Recent developments in armor technology and the introduction of effective appliques have greatly increased the difficulty of munition design. warheads capable of defeating these advanced armors must be developed. improvements in unitary warheads, such as increasing the density of the liner in a… More

Recently, to avoid the difficulties of frontal attack of modern armor vehicles, fly-over-shoot-down missiles have been proposed. however, tests have shown that the resulting crossing velocity can reduce the penetration of conventional shaped-charge warheads by up to 60%. therefore, a program is… More

The lethality of any directed-energy warhead is measured by its ability to cause irreparable damage to the vulnerable components that exist behind the protective armor. this damage is incurred by the impact of these components by either the penetrator material itself or by target spall material… More

Recent improvements in advanced armor technology, including the introduction of effective applique armor, present a special challenge for the anti-tank missile warhead designer. two general approaches to meet this challenge appear feasible: improvements in unitary warheads and the incorporation of… More

Many explosive warheads are sensitive to initiation by fragment or bullet impact and sympathetic detonation. directed-energy warheads in particular are often loaded with very energetic explosive to obtaimance at the expense of increase sensitivity. the objective of the proposed program is to… More

The increased effectiveness of modern advanced armors has called for more performance from existing conventional warheads. one way to address this challenge is through the use of high-density materials as self-forging fragment (sff) liners. the benefit of such materials is increased penetration into… More

Current navy munition containers provide inadequate protection from a wide spectrum of threats. this lack of protection may result in detonation of the ship's magazine. current munition container designs must meet requirements for vibration, environment, handling, maintainability, size, and weight,… More

In the design and analysis of multi-point initiated warhead systems current work centers on full-scale testing of warheads and on threedimensional hydrocode simulation. recently at dyna east development of simple analytical models was initiated to provide first-cut design tools and perform… More

It is well-known that a slight variation in the liner material properties may change the shape of the slug. the exact mechanism of this is still not clearly understood, but one reason for this occurrence is anisotropic behavior. anisotropy, defined as the directional dependence of properties, is… More

Current top-attack anti-armor munitions containing self-forgingfragment (sff) warheads are dedicated designs that are intended to defeat a specific type of target and are generally less effective against other targets. thus one type of warhead design is presently used against hard targets, such as… More

Advances in armor technology have progressed beyond the performance of current chemical energy weapons systems. systems incorporating tandem warheads have shown promise in defeating proposed armor threats. the key to a tandem warhead system's performance is the front stage. successful front stage… More

Current anti-armor munitions containing shaped-charge warheads are dedicated designs that are intended to defeat a specific type of target and are generally less effective against other targets. thus often one type of warhead design id currently used against hard targets, such as main battle tanks,… More

We propose to design an anti-armor tandem penetrator consisting of an explosive-formed penetrator (efp) warhead and kinetic energy (ke) rod. this system will exploit the efp's penetration efficiency against applique and base armors, thus eliminating ke defeat mechanisms. efp warhead, kinetic energy… More

Traditionally, the detonation has been treated by the shock theory, and explosives and propellants have been considered as energetic fluids. many solid properties have not been measured and are not available from the handbooks. recent results in munition sensitivity studies show that shearing is one… More

We propose to develop an imroved analytical model for predicting the velocity and direction of fragments projected by an explosive warhead. The model will account for the metal acceleration history, unsteady effects, curvature, internal voids, and end effects (explosive pressure release). The model… More

The survivability of vehicles and aircraft is greatly dependent on their mobility and level of armor protection. In most cases, mobility is best served by minimizing mass. Conversly, the level of protection afforded by an armor system is usually directly proportional to its mass. This leads to the… More

We propose to develop an improved Explosively-Formed Penetrator (EFP) warhead that in its basic application projects a slug that pentrates the mine's case and detonates the iner explosive. In an advanced, alternate mode, the warhead will project a penetrator capable of neutralization through… More

We propose to develop an improved multi-purpose munition container with reduced hazard classification and ability to pass the fast cook-off test. The currently rielded container, when loaded with munitions and exposed to a large fuel fire, acts as a pressure vessel to contain the product gases… More

We propose to develop a lightweight armor applique that ensures survivability against both shaped charge (CE) and kinetic energy (KE) threats. In previous DARPA-sponsored efforts, we developed a unique armor package capable of defeating these threats. KE defeat was obtained by inducing a rotational… More

We Propose to develop highly effective explosive warheads for use in systems for rapidly clearing obstacles in surf zones and craft landing zones. In Phase I, we will assess the benefits of application of several advanced warhead technologies and concepts, in several delivery systems already… More

We propose to develop explosively clad armors of titanium and ultra-high hardness steel (UHHS) to precede protection against small-arms projectiles. The superior ballistic resistance of UHHS will be combined with the efficient structural characteristics of titanium in a laminate composite… More

We propose to develop a combined-effects warhead for torpedoes that delivers enhanced lethality against surface and submarine targets. The warhead will incorporate several advanced directed-energy technologies in combination with an insensitive, enhanced-blast explosive and other energetic… More

We propose to develop automatic rezoning algorithms for general-purpose 2-D and 3-D Lagrangian hydrocodes. Rezoning allows treatment of ballistic problems involving very large deformations, such as warheads and penetrations. Unlike erosion techniques, rezoning allows continued modeling of failed… More