An electrode for an electroanalytical sensor is being developed to determine the aluminum oxide concentration in industrial cells to produce primary aluminum. such a sensor would result in energy savings due to better control of the process. time and sensitivity of the response are the main factors… More

Various forms of carbon and graphite are used in a wide range of important applications, taking advantage of the unique properties available in these materials. these properties include excellent thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, lubrication, and electrochemical catalysis.… More

An electrochemical approach to the destruction of airborne chemical and biological warfare agents in a deep base is presented in this phase i proposal. the proposed electrochemical flow system will decontaminate the air stream in the anolyte and the catholyte solutions by oxidation, reduction and/or… More

The synthesis of four sterically hindered aliphatic diamines by chemical and electrochemical methods is proposed. these products may find use as curing agents for epoxy resins with unique mechanical properties. the synthetic approaches are based on well-founded chemical principles, and the desired… More

The carbon electrodes is an integral component of the high energy density li/socl(2) and li/so(2)cl2 primary battery systems. rate capability and polarization behavior of the electrode is expected to be enhanced by specific pretreatments of the carbon. factors influencing the carbon's performance… More

Carbon electrodes are an integral component of high energy density li/socl(2) and li/so(2)cl(2) primary battery systems. rate capability and polarization behavior of the electrode is expected to be enhanced by specific pretreatments of the carbon. factors known to influence the carbon's performance… More

A novel electrode material is proposed for the synthesis of inorganic persulfates, an important class of chemicals used for bleaching, oxidizing agents, and etching solutions in the electronics industry. the known electrochemical methodsuse platinum anodes, which leads to both high capital cost and… More

Novel chemical and electrochemical methods of synthesis of fluorodinitromethane and fluorodinitroethanol are proposed. these compounds are useful as plasticizers for high-energy explosives and propellants, and as intermediates in the synthesis of other highenergy materials, including polymers. the… More

A phase i engineering feasibility study is proposed for safe, economical methods of disposal of small quantities of chemotherapeutic agent wastes. a prioritized list of disposal methods will be developed, considering 15 different agents and their associated handling, hazards, and sensitive… More

The number of stable, inexpensive anode materials available for the electrosynthesis of chemicals is quite limited. a series of high surface area carbons and graphites are proposed as new anode materials for a variety of electrochemical processes. these materials have been found to be stable in… More

The synthesis of a series of qinghaosu analogues as potential antiparasitic agents is proposed. these materials will incorporate the unique lactone endoperoxide function essential for the activity of the parent structure. the synthetic approaches are based on well-founded chemical principles,… More

The number of stable, inexpensive anode materials available for the electrosynthesis of chemicals is quite limited. a series of fluorinated and unfluorinated high surface area carbons and graphites are proposed as new anodematerials for the synthesis of chlorate and hypochlorite. the effectiveness… More

The number of stable, inexpensive, electrocatalytic anode materials available for the electrosynthesis of chemicals isquite limited. a novel high surface area lead dioxide electrode will be prepared, characterized and employed in the phase i research effort for a variety of organic electrochemical… More

Fuel cells offer the promise of highly efficient conversion of fuel to electricity. a key problem in the success of phosphoric acid fuel cells is the oxidative corrosion of catalyzed air cathode carbons. in phase i, the use of corrosion stable, specifically fluorinated carbons will be evaluated as… More

Compared to cathode materials for electrosynthesis, there are much fewer suitable anode materials which are at the same time stable, inexpensive, electrocatalytic for the process, and electrically conductive. this phase i proposal describes the preparation and characterization of chemically modified… More

Caustic is produced in the usa to the extent of 36,500t/day, mainly by the electrolysis of brine. the anodeproduct, chlorine, is under considerable pressure for environmental reasons. for example, sales are declining to the pulp and paper industry because of traces of dioxin formed in paper… More

Hazardous, toxic organics are present in the waste streams of many industries such as textile, petroleum refining, pulp and paper and organic chemical manufacturing. the environmental protection agency (epa) has issued stricter regulations regarding water pollution, requiring industry tofind new… More

Commercially available ion selective membranes will be modified to meet better the needs of organic electrosynthetic processes. most membranes utilized today were specifically designed for either the chloralkali industry or for electrodialysis. an electroorganic process,however, places different… More

During the mid-eighties, approximately three million childred between six months and five years old had poisonous blood lead concentrations due to paint. there is risk for adults in the paint, automobile manufacturing, and ceramic industries. the nation could substantially reduce the incidence of… More

An electrochemical process that allows iron to be removed by electrochemical reduction, electrodialysis and precipitation is presented in this phase i proposal. the advantage of this proposed process over other processes is that by using electrodialysis precipitating chemicals are not added to the… More

Ethylene glycol (eg) is an important commodity chemical with a production volume of about 6 million lbs/year and major markets in polyesters and antifreeze. eg is manufactured chemically from petroleum based ethylene. an alternative electrochemical route is available from formaldehyde or methanol.… More