Chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon (cah) make up a large fraction of the organic chemicals designated as toxic. they form the basis for the production of pesticides, fungicides and herbicides; usually end up in dilute concentrations in waste water streams resulting from the manufacture and/or use of… More

A new separation scheme based on an inexpensive equipment is developed to identify the major chemical types in aviation hydrocarbon fuels. this equipment can be called as a centrifugal, highperformance, radial, preparative, gradient developed, thin-layer chromatography. the best available,… More

Although incineration is an attractive means for destroying organic hazardous waste, two potential problems are (1) the incomplete combustion of waste compounds due to non-optimal or improper operation (e.g., inadequate atomization, poor mixing, or quenching) and (2) volatilization and release into… More

We propose experimental demonstration of a new homogeneous gas phase chemical reaction whose existence is predicted by kinetic modeling, a reaction in which methanol selectively reduced so3 to so2. if, as predicted, this reaction occurs under conditions that would make its use practical in boilers… More

The cost for removing toxic chemicals from the soil with present technology is enormous, in some cases, populations the cost for removing toxic chemicals from the soil with present technology is enormous. in some cases, populations must be relocated and many acre-feet of soil must be excava-ted and… More

A new noncatalytic chemical reaction is disclosed which permits the rapid quantitative conversion of no to no(2). since no(2), unlike no, is a strongly acidic gas, this reaction will allow the removal of no(x) from exhaust gases either by using wet scrubbers or by injecting basic sorbent as a dry… More

Stationary gas engines produce a disproportionately large share of the total nox emissions in the u.s., but no available technology offers a satisfactory means of reducing their emissions. these engines are predominantly two cycle and produce an exhaust having a high ratio of oxygen (o2) to nitric… More

The design of incinerators involves a conflict between two important goals: completely destroying the toxic organicmaterials which are fed to the incinerator and avoiding the emission of heavy metals which will also be present in the waste material. if the incinerator temperature is excessive, the… More

Soils contaminated with toxic chemicals pose a threat to theenvironment, in that the chemicals may be slowly released and incorporated into the food chain. high temperature, thermal oxidation offers one method of decontaminating thesesoils. however, because of the normally low concentrations of… More

While it is possible to control the nox and sox emission of incinerators and coal fired boilers and furnaces with presently available technology it is expensive and consumes substantial amounts of energy. with presently available technology it is not possible to control the emission of submicron… More

This system combines three technologies-dielectric barrier discharge, photolysis, and electrostatic precipitation (dpe)-to provide for simultaneous, high efficiency removal of sulfur oxides (sox), nitrogen oxides (nox), and particulates from normal temperature combustion flue gases. this system… More

A large fraction of the world's total supply of natural gas is located in regions so inaccessible that it is not economic to pipeline or liquefy the gas and ship it to market. this static natural gas problem is particularly important to the united states-both because the united states has important… More

In the "thermal denox" process, ammonia is injected into hot flue gas inside a boiler or furnace, and a gas phase homogeneous reaction occurs, which reduces the nitrogen oxides (nox) to molecular nitrogen and water. the process is thus extremely simple, highly reliable, and far less expensive than… More

During hazardous waste incineration a phenomenon know as puffing occurs, i.e., a large amount of organic matter suddnely vaporizes in the combustion chamber. since the supply of combustion air is not adequate for complete oxidation of this suddenly released organic matter, it cannot be completely… More

The oxidation of dilute concnetrations of organics in aqueous solutions using hydrogen peroxide and/or ozone as the oxidant in the presence of ultraviolet (uv) light has been demonstrated and is offered commercially by several corporations. present systems seem to be limited to low concentrations or… More

Large amounts of private and public funds have been invested in the development of fluid bed combustion technologies (fbc) in the expectation that these technologies would provide a method of burning coal with very low emissions of sox and nox. this investment has been successful, the costs of… More

Energy and environmental research corporation (eer) has discovered a radically new method of burning natural gas. while the best presently available gas combustion technologies produce nox at the 10 to 20 ppm level, this new method allows the combustion of natural gas to be done with a production of… More

Approximatel half of automotive nox is released in the initial minutes after startup, when the catalytic converter is cold, and is a significant source of acid rain. this project will determine the feasibility of reversibly adsorbing this "cold-start" nox in a sorbent bed and subsequently releasing… More

Air pollution control technologies for nitrogen oxide (nox) reduction are limited by the relatively inert nature of nitric oxide (no). this difficulty can be overcome by oxidation of no to much more reactive nitrogen dioxide (no2). since flue gas desulfurization systems are required for sulfur… More

The present practice of open burn/open detonation (OB/OD) for disposal of military ordnance is rapidly becoming obsolete as a result of both environmental and economical pressures. Where possible, ordnance can be recycled, or converted into higher-value-added products for industry or government use.… More

Air pollution control technologies for nox reduction are limited by the relatively inert nature of no. this difficulty can be overcome by oxidation of no to much more reactive no2. since flue gas desulfurization systems are required for so2 removal after combustion of sulfur-containing fuels, and… More

A radically new form of combustion is described. in theory this new form of combustion is capable of burning natural gas and other fuels which do not contain chemically bound nitrogen without any formation of nox. initial experiments have largely confirmed this theoretical expectation, i.e.,… More

The incineration of halogen-containing organic compounds involves a number of problems for which presently available technology provides no solution. chlorine-containing materials such as cc14 are currently disposed of by incineration but this causes the emissions of furans and dioxins. … More

On-line processing of coal prior to combustion in pulverized coal boilers involves first crushing the bulk coal. crushed coal is then conveyed on weigh-belt feeders to large hammer mills where it is reduced to its final size. beford delivery to the burners, the pulverized coal is aerodynamically… More

Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) proposes to develop a highefficiency NOx control process that recycles NOx in gas turbine exhaust to theflame zone to be destroyed. This process uses a regenerable adsorbent in asimple thermal cycle with no additives or waste materials. … More

Presently available technology for converting logistic fuels to hydrogen for use in fuel cells is unsatisfactory in three fundamental ways. First there is the problem that the hydrogen that is produced in the initial fuel gasification step contains impurities such as CO, H,S and NH, which must be… More

Portable fire extinguishing systems such as CO(2), dry powder, and the halons all suffer from the problem that the fire protection system needs to be within a few feet of the fire in order to be effective. Because the limited range of fire extinguish systems, fire fighting always contains an… More

Navy ships generate 0.1-0.2 lb/man day plastic waste. An innova tive recycling technology is needed to divert this mixed plastic waste from landfills and utilize its energetic value. EER is currently developing, with industry support, a unique thermal conversion approach centered around a… More

DOD's plan to make all U.S. military equipment run on a single fuel, logistics fuel, has obvious logistics advantages, but will require replacement of spark ignition engines with diesel engines or gas turbines. Both diesel engines and gas turbines are systems which must be operated fuel lean. … More

A environmental problem faced by the power generation industry involves controlling flue gas emissions from coal fired boilers. Specifically, the 1990 Clean Air Amendments mandate a 2,000,000 ton per year decrease in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. Reburning is a mature fuel staging NOx control… More

107 Advanced Low-NOx Cyclone Combustor Development--Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, 18 Mason Street, Irvine, CA 92618-2706; (714) 859-8851 Dr. Roy Payne, Principal Investigator Dr. Thomas J. Tyson, Business Official DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-97ER82400 Amount: $75,000 In… More

95 Synergistic Utilization of Coal Fines and Municipal Solid Waste in Coal-Fired Boilers--Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, 18 Mason Street, Irvine, CA 92618-2706; (714) 859-8851 Dr. Vladimir M. Zamansky, Principal Investigator Dr. W.R. Seeker, Business Official DOE Grant No.… More

Prospective technologies for stationary post-combustion NOx control include: Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). These processes reduce NOx by non-catalytic or catalytic reactions with N-Agents (ammonia or urea). There are several problems with SCR,… More

51070-98-I Clean and Cost-Effective Utilization of Sewage Sludge--Energy and Environmental Research Corporation, 18 Mason Street, Irvine, CA 92618-2706; (714) 859-8851 Dr. Vladimir Zamansky, Principal Investigator Mr. Wayne J. Plizga, Business Official DOE Grant No. DE-FG03-98ER82573 Amount: … More

Reductions in hazardous waste materials disposal is an area that continues to carry National urgency. Wastes generated from glass bead abrasive blasting operations contain heavy metals and other constituents which can result in a hazardous waste classification. The work outlined here proposes… More

Not Available The military is developing distributed simulations to allow a wide range of simulators, simulations, platforms, sensors, and live forces to participate in common training, planning and decision making exercises. This reduces training costs while improving readiness. The Navy Battle… More

In the production of rice crops, there is a considerable amount of biowaste generated in the forms of hulls and straw. Hundreds of millions of tons of rice hulls are generated annually. Rice hulls have been utilized as biofuels and as a supplement in animal feed. However, the market for hulls is a… More

Current research initiataives, including DoD IHPTET and HyTech, DOE ATS, and commercial development, are agressively pursuing significant improvements in combustor performance Optimization typically results in operating regimes for which combustionstability is difficult to maintain. This proposed… More