The use of highly exothermic self propagating intermetallic reactions in proposed to bond together low cost anistropic graphitic materials which have shown promise as laser resistant materials due to high reflectivity and high heat of vaporization. in addition several techniques are proposed in… More

A novel set of highly exothermic and essentially gasless (condensed phase) reactions will be investigated in order to select the composition which provides the most appropriate method of simulating radiant fluxes equivalent to those encountered in nuclear air blase environments. the proposed concept… More

The feasibility of using wake augmentation/modification concepts for decoys and reentry vehicles will be investigated. the thermochemical concepts which lead to the synthesis, fabrication and evaluation of unique materials which are capable of reducing reentry vehicle signatures and of enhancing… More

The use of a liquid metal film is proposed as a barrier for preventing access of oxygen to carbon-carbon composites at temperatures to 4500 deg f. the liquid film is comprised of a noble metal, insoluble in a porous tungsten layer previously applied as an erosion resistant layer. an irridium layer… More

A study is proposed to develop more accurate approximate methods for predicting flow separation phenomena on hypersonic maneuvering aerospace vehicles. experimental data and flow field computations will be used to derive improved semi-empirical relations for incipient separation, separated region… More

A study is proposed to define and evaluate feasibile jammer expulsion concepts for the homing precursor jammer (hpj) system, and to assess the implications of candidate expulsion concepts on jammer aerothermodynamic performance and requirements. concepts which feature the sequential… More

New compound compositions have been identified by gsi which have a high probability of improving the penetration capabilities of strategic systems. these new materials, however, need to be characterized on the basis of microwave interaction and ablation. the proposed program will examine level of… More

Metallic heat sinks have serious limitations due to high density and high coefficient of thermal expansion characteristics. it is proposed to overcome these problems by developing composite heat sink materials based on crystalline graphite fibers, fillers, and foams having high thermal… More

General sciences, incorporated proposes the use of highly energetic particle formation techniques for the production of high intensity clouds for combined ir optics incapacitation and engine particle ingestion. utilizing the sgi proprietary hi-therm synthesis technology, this approach will produce… More

An experimental program is proposed to investigate the transfer of proven technology previously adapted for sounding rocket chemical releases and thermal simulation, to provide a dust laden field that simulates a nuclear burst environment. this investigation proposes the use of an exothermic solid… More

The self propagating high temperature synthesis (shs) reaction process will be studied as a means of synthesizing near-net-shape ti6al-4v and 6061 ai alloy metal matrix composites (mmcs) into low cost functionally gradient ballistic resistant alloys. a novel means of initiating the shs reaction has… More

Standard techniques for the estimation of attitude-determination accuracy assume that the input sensor data has uncorrelated, white noise, and that simulators generally provide white noise. however, real sensor noise is generally observed to have more dominant lower-frequency components. therefore,… More

GSI proposes the development of an IR/RF expendable utilizing chemical energy to produce both signals. Current studies have shown that GSI'S patented intermetallic fuels are capable of producing extremely high in-band intensities for most military bandwidths, even under high flow conditions. In… More

A program is proposed which exploits highly exothermic solid state reactions in an effort to (a) enhance lethaility and (b) study target material(s) performance and failure mechanism(s) of penetration during hypervelocity impact and penetration. the effort will involve high density pellets of metal… More

General Sciences, Inc. will use a highly exothermic solid state intermetallic reaction as a furnace powered by chemical energy which will vaporize Bismuth metal primarily to its monoatomic form. This flow of atomic vapor will be used as a fuel in combustion reactions with fluorine compounds which… More

General sciences, incorporated (gsi) proposes the thermochemical and kinetic nalysis of the ti + b + h20 reaction system. the highly exothermic nature of the titanium/boron reaction in its generic state and in combination with binders and oxidizers has been extensively investigated by gsi with… More

This proposal describes the efforts required to study the effects of various materials on the reduction of electronic interface in the plasma of a re-entry vehicle heat shield. a fundemental understanding of the mechanism by means of which these materials achieve a reduction in electronic… More

A concept involves use of hard spheres embedded in a semi-viscous polymer and the protection mechanism is based on: (a) tipping geometry between projectile and armor spheres, (b) the hardness of the spheres and, (c) further energy absorption by the elastromeric medium. A program is proposed which… More

Rapid and complete combustion of SHS compositions in the form of fine particle clouds is essential in achieving maximum energy and blast for advanced fuel/air explosions FAE and other applications. A multi path program is proposed to: (a) identify the most effective SHS compositions, (b) conduct… More

The thrust of the proposed program is on the use of highly exothermic solid state reactions also known as Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis (SHS) as a means of generating metal vapor clouds for military as well as for commercial applications . The proposed approach has an excellent chance… More

On-going developmental programs have produced munitions systems which are capable of penetrating and functioning within hardened fixed ground targets, but are equipped with high explosive and fragmenting warheads and they produce unacceptable target venting, agent dispersal and collateral damage. … More

We propose to develop an energetic payload fired from the Navy's standard five-inch gun which is capable of defeating modern antiship missiles at distances greater than five kilometers. The defeat mechanism is based on exploitation of highly exothermic condensed phase reactions producing three… More

On-going developmental programs have produced munitions systems which are capable of penetrating and functioning within hardened fixed ground targets. They are equipped with high explosive and fragmenting warheads to achieve target defeat but in the process produce unaccceptable target venting and… More

In order to gain the full potential from application of metal and elemental powder based materials to generate an enhanced propellant formulation, General Sciences, Incorporated, proposes to investigate the use of intrinsically reactive intermetallic based compositions for the production of an… More

Although the "hit-to-kill" technology has shown promise in recent field tests, complete destruction/neutralization of biological submunitions cannot be guaranteed. The subject effort proposes a new concept which enhances the lethality of hit-to-kill interceptors by a synergistic combination of (a)… More

Rapid and complete combustion of SHS compositions in the form of fine particle clouds is essential in achieving maximum energy and blast for advanced fuel/air explosions FAE and other applications. A multi path program is proposed to: (a) identify the most effective SHS compositions, (b) conduct… More

On-going developmental programs have produced munitions systems which are capable of penetrating and functioning within hardened fixed ground targets. They are equipped with high explosive and fragmenting warheads to achieve target defeat but in the process produce unaccceptable target venting and… More

Upon successful completion of the proposed program, an accelerant payload concept shall be developed and evaluated. The use of an accelerant payload allows the munitions system designer the capability to exploit a thermal target defeat mechanism, inaddition to coupling to traditional high… More

Safety assessments of current and future energetic materials require a range of tests, one of which is the determination of the electrostatic discharge (ESD) sensitivity to ignition and propagation. There is currently no standard for circuit design, sparkenergy, sample size/configuration or… More

The proposed SBIR Phase II effort will build upon the demonstration success of the Phase I effort for the reduction of viable Biological Warfare (BW) agent (stimulant) release from a scaled target structure, concurrent with denial of the use of the BWagent remaining within the target structure to… More

The proposed SBIR Phase II effort will build upon the demonstration success of the Phase I effort for the reduction of viable Biological Warfare (BW) agent (stimulant) release from a scaled target structure, concurrent with denial of the use of the BWagent remaining within the target structure to… More

"The Phase I effort produced very important and encouraging results in terms of interceptor lethality enhancement. This was achieved by the innovative development and testing of high density reactive composites which as projectiles or impacting structurescan deliver large amounts of chemical energy… More

"The Phase I effort produced very important and encouraging results in terms of interceptor lethality enhancement. This was achieved by the innovative development and testing of high density reactive composites which as projectiles or impacting structurescan deliver large amounts of chemical energy… More

A Counter-Counter Measure (CCM) technique is proposed for Missile Defense (MD) which can provide discrimination of balloons and possibly other decoys in the presence of a Re-Entry Vehicle (RV). The concept is based on the use of a new class of highlyenergetic reactive materials, which can be used… More

There is a need to enhance discrimination of threat vehicles from penetration aids as well as the lethality of U.S. interceptors against ballistic, maneuvering, and cruise missiles especially those carrying chem/bio payloads. The lethal radius of systems such as THAAD and others can be increased by… More

There is a need to enhance the lethality of US interceptors against ballistic and cruise missiles especially those carrying chem/bio payload. The lethal radius of systems such as THAAD and others can be increased by the insertion of highly energetic composites as reactive materials of various… More

In order to destroy ballistic and cruise missile threats with chemical, biological, HE or nuclear warheads in hit-to-kill or shoot-to-kill scenarios by PAC-3 or THAAD like systems (under the realities of limited targeting accuracy) lethality enhancement is needed. Discrimination of balloons and the… More

In order to destroy ballistic and cruise missile threats with chemical, biological, HE or nuclear warheads in hit-to-kill or shoot-to-kill scenarios by PAC-3 or THAAD like systems lethality enhancement is needed especially in emerging threat scenarios involving maneuvering targets. Highly… More

New Counter-Counter Measure (CCM) techniques are proposed for Missile Defense (MD) which can provide discrimination of balloons and possibly other decoys in the presence of a Re-entry Vehicle (RV). This will be accomplished by the utilization of new advanced materials and concepts manufacturing and… More

The objective of this program is to investigate the insertion of reactive materials into the MKV program in order to achieve weight/cost reduction while maintaining enhanced lethality effectiveness. Several materials synthesis techniques are proposed as well as key property characterization… More

With the growing number of hit and run attacks mounted against U.S. interests by individuals using mortars and rockets, and with the growing threat of missile attack on aircraft, both civilian and military, a fast response lethal defense system is required to identify, engage and destroy mortars,… More

New Counter-Counter Measure (CCM) techniques are proposed for Missile Defense (MD) which can provide discrimination of balloons and possibly other decoys in the presence of a Re-entry Vehicle (RV). This will be accomplished by the utilization of new advanced materials and concepts manufacturing and… More

Improvements and refinements in formulation and configuration of current thermobarics are presented. Improvements in formulation allow for faster reaction rates and more complete reaction, releasing a greater percentage of available energy at early times and close to the HE detonation step.… More

The main objective of the proposed program is to develop highly exothermic compositions capable of generating temperatures up to 4,000K in order to achieve significant vaporization of certain metals, with boiling points in excess of 3,000K, which are capable of generating ionization… More

Next generation energy rich materials are under development for both military and civilian uses. These materials are non-explosive (they do not detonate) and are generally referred to as "Reactive Materials". Reactive materials are being developed in conjunction with, or independent of, classical… More

General Sciences, Inc. (GSI) will demonstrate the benefits of reactive material technology to the US Army and will demonstrate the potential methods of incorporation of reactive materials into current and next generation Army munitions systems, including the SCORPION projectile, Multiple Threat… More

To address the needs of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), GSI will perform in three areas during the course of this effort. 1) GSI will evaluate a new formulation, capable of self-propagating reaction with the production of an electrically conductive aerosol, for the purpose of Intrusive… More

General Sciences, Inc. (GSI) proposes to demonstrate the benefits of high density, reactive polymer based composites capable of surviving gun launch setbacks associated with velocities up to 8000 feet per second, penetrating a target and creating an internal pressure field sufficient to destroy the… More

The United States is increasingly involved in conflicts occurring in urban areas, with the resultant increased possibility for unwanted collateral damage, to both civilians and infrastructure, such as buildings, by projectiles that miss their intended targets. General Sciences, Incorporated (GSI)… More

Improvements in configuration of potential thermobaric warheads are presented. Such improvements in configuration will allow faster mixing rates, resulting in a reduction in total reaction time. Higher reaction rates, and lower reaction times lead to more complete reaction of thermobaric fuels,… More

The use of the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) has become a favorite weapon of choice against the U.S. and Iraqi military and civilian population during the current conflict in Iraq. The potential use of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) as IEDs to increase the area of effect and intensity of the… More

Three concepts will be evaluated in order to achieve flow separation and penetration enhancement of Earth Penetrating Weapons (EPW). One concept addresses the merit of carrying fluid within the EPW. The other two describe new techniques addressing the generation of gases from the structure of the… More

The U.S. Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative energetic materials to produce next generation munitions. There exists a need for adaptable warheads that provide user-selectable energy output, as well as selectable modes of operation, such as fragmentation,… More

Reactive materials (RM) add a powerful new dimension to the U.S. Army's warfighting capabilities. Reactive materials can be used against Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), chemical and biological agents, rockets, artillery and mortar (RAM) threats, land and naval mines, missiles, armor,… More

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is currently used in high voltage switchgear and airborne radar systems to prevent arcing between electrical contacts. SF6 is potentially damaging to the environment; solutions to the challenge of SF6 replacement in airborne radar systems are proposed with a high… More

OBJECTIVE: Identify, develop and demonstrate innovative new concepts to significantly reduce frictional drag and enhance trajectory stability of deep-earth penetrating warheads. For example, novel concepts for creation of a high-pressure gas or fluid layer that envelops the warhead and that exerts… More

The U.S. Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative reactive materials to produce next generation munitions. There exists a need for scalable and adaptable warheads that provide user-selectable energy output, as well as selectable modes of operation, such as… More

The U.S. Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative energetic/reactive materials to produce next generation munitions. Munitions of today contain a high amount of inert material, usually steel, that serves as structural elements and fragment generation. General… More

The U.S. Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative energetic materials to produce next generation munitions. There exists a need for adaptable warheads that provide user-selectable energy output, as well as selectable modes of operation, such as fragmentation,… More

Low visibility rotary aircraft decoys are needed to protect vehicles against heat seeking missile attacks without illuminating the target which exposes the aircraft to small arms fire and potentially compromising the mission. The novel approach to this challenge is to produce a decoy which emits… More

The proposed effort addresses new concepts in terms of exploiting the thermobaric effect (increase of temperature and pressure) using variations of reactive materials which maximize energy release and gaseous by-products during impacts of low velocity (1-2

The changing aspects of enemy threats requires that our defense tactics be modified in order to optimize war fighting effectiveness. Urban targets at one time focused on armored vehicles and tanks, however, as the enemy has changed to a more terroristic type of fighter the targets have become the… More

OBJECTIVE: To provide new and innovative weapon payload concepts that can neutralize (e.g., detoxify, kill or decompose) chemical and biological (CB) warfare agents in a plume released from an offensive operations strike on enemy Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) facilities. DESCRIPTION: Current… More

The proposed program addresses novel materials to fabricate small and medium caliber projectiles. General Sciences, Inc. (GSI) proposes the use of highly exothermic, high density structural reactive materials (RM) to fabricate projectiles that exhibit improved target damage, improved lethality and… More

The proposed program describes three techniques for generating particulate clouds for obscuration in the visible and infrared for periods extending to 30 seconds. The first technique produces in-situ formation of submicron TiO2 and other (environmentally safe) particles from a low temperature… More

The US Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative reactive materials to produce next generation munitions. There exists a need for scalable and adaptable warheads that provide user-selectable energy output, as well as selectable modes of operation, such as… More

Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) have seen a shift in targets from armored vehicles and tanks to structures and buildings, where the current shaped charge devices do not provide sufficient after-penetration effects to neutralize personnel within the structural targets nor do they create… More

General Sciences, Inc. (GSI) will design, produce, evaluate and characterize reactive shaped charge liners (RSCL) that possess high density (9-16 g/cc), exothermicity (T>2000K), storage stability and the ability to defeat improvised explosive devices (IEDs), chemical and biological weapons and… More

The proposed program addresses the development of a safe to breathe smoke consisting of mainly TiO2 and KCl particulates with the option of including fog oil as well in a hybrid device configuration. The effort will address further smoke characterization as well as scale-up to a 5"(dia) by… More

Low visibility rotary aircraft decoys are needed to protect vehicles against heat seeking missile attacks without illuminating the target which exposes the aircraft to small arms fire and potentially compromising the mission. The novel approach to this challenge is to produce a decoy which emits… More

The US Army, as well as other national military services, requires new and innovative energetic/reactive materials to produce next generation munitions. Munitions of today contain a high amount of inert material, usually steel, that serves as structural elements and fragment generation. General… More