The improvement of threat radar technology in the past decade has raised questions about current penetration systems effectiveness. taking the offense conservative view of the problem can make the job of the penetration aid designer very difficult. a more realistic view of the problem may show that… More

The improvement of optical threats in the past decade has raised questions about current penetration systems effectiveness. taking the offense conservative view of the problem can make the job of the penetration aid designer very difficult. a more realistic view of the problem may show that certain… More

In may of 1984, the army and air force jointly adopted a new doctrine called the airland battle concept. in addition to other requirements, this doctrine called for the expansion of the battle space and the development of autonomous and semi-autonomous weapon systems. in a related development, nato… More

In maneuvering reentry vehicle engagement studies, it is usually necessary to drive a set of "effective" evasion trajectories to obtain a realistic estimate of the penetration capability of the offense. analytic techniques and small computer codes have been developed to treat evasion performance of… More

During the past twenty-five years, several computer codes have been developed to predict various radar effects concerning propagation through nuclear fireballs. for the most part, these have been designed exclusively for ground-based abm radars. this proposed study is designed to permit calculation… More

The revival of interest in bistatic radar systems over the past decade has raised questions about these systems' susceptibility to countermeasures. bistatic radars have good inherent eccm capability because the receiver's position is not readily determined, forcing jammers to employ wide angle… More

A methodology is required for assessing the utility of space assets to support aircraft and cruise missiles when performing strategic and tactical missions. phase i of this sbir program will survey all pertinent methodologies and will develop criterial for selecting the one most capable for this… More

A radar operating through foliage is degraded by four principal effects: attenuation, refraction, reflection, and random distributed returns from resonant forest structures. numerous radar designs have been attempted, but none have resulted in a satisfactory solution to the problem of locating… More

Special operations forces (sofs) have been and continue to be relied upon for use in a general all-out war and in low-intensity conflicts (lic). in both cases, the sofs will require unique equipment and possibly unique transport vehicles in order to assure mission success. any future sof transport… More

Aperture blockage has become a serious obstacle for air-toair and air-to-surface dual-mode missiles. the radar antenna of these systems potentially suffers, from severe aperture blockage since the ir sensor and its associiated lens/window is typically placed on the radome of the missile. aperture… More

The maneuvering reentry vehicle (marv) presents serious problems to a missile defense system. because of its maneuver capability, it can generally evade interceptors, at least over a portion of the battlespace. because of its large maneuver footprint, it forces the defense to search a large volume… More

A two-phase program is described for developing a high fidelity, yet fast executing, radar simulator which models the detection, acquisition, tracking, and missile guidance of u.s. and foreign systems in an ecm/eccm environment. the simulation includes all major ecm/eccm tactics (including towed… More

A range-trilateration scheme using radars is proposed for detecting the splash of reentry vehicles (rvs) impacting at kwajalein atoll (ka). range trilateration can provide the desired position measurement accuracy, area coverage, all-weather performance, and reliability required of the rv impact… More

A design study is proposed for mast mounted antenna systems to be used on submarine platforms as part of the COPERNICUS System communication link. Several types of multi-element antennas structures and matching network topologies will be investigated. Optimization analyses will be performed for each… More

A design study is proposed for antenna systems mounted on buoys which will be towed by submerged submarines and part of the COPERNICUS System communication link. Several types of multi-element antenna structures and matching network topologies will be investigated. Optimization analyses will be… More

One of the most challenging problems in automated mission planning is the creation of a route for an aircraft to follow which is both feasible, based on aircraft kinematic capability, and minimizes the exposure of the aircraft to enemy air defenses. several techniques are currently in use which… More

The DESERT STORM experience generated a sudden and intense interest in tactical missile launchers. Our impotence in finding and destroying these launchers soon became obvious to us as well as the rest of the world. Later it became apparent that we also lacked the analysis tools needed to investigate… More

Although the wideband, narrow beam radars at KMR are capable of tracking well-behaved targets during reentry, the radars do not reliably maintain track on targets whose drag profiles deviate significantly from a priori predictions. The objective of this effort is to determine the feasibility of… More

The objective of the proposed effort is to determine the potential benefits and performance in using head rotation to precisely control the cursor on a display. We will design, develop, and test a scheme that uses a laser to read a bar pattern inscribed on the pilot's helmet. Head rotations modulate… More

ARPA requires a software template of a tank weapon system that facilitates model creation and effectiveness assessment of proposed new subsystems incorporating new technology. The template must meet five requirements: incorporate a representation of all tank subsystems; permit each subsystem… More

Under sponsorship of the Aeronautical Systems Center (ASC/XR), Toyon Research Corporation developed an innovative approah for simulating the interaction of an aircraft employing radar countermeasures against an attacking missile employing counter-countermeasures. The Toyon approach yields a… More

In an effort to more cost-effectively utilize existing assets to perform more functions, there has been a growing interest in using conventional mechanical scanned monopulse radars (normally used only for tracking single targets) to simultaneously track multiple targets. In order to maintain… More

The development of a "smart," anti-jam, single-element GPS antenna is proposed. The approach uses an electronically reconfigurable antenna (ERA) whose gain pattern has an azimuthal null which can be varied by adjusting control loads on the antenna. The loads are adjusted and controlled by an… More

Currently available thin, broad-band microwave absorbers do not perform well for near-grazing incidence of arbitrarily polarized waves. This limits their use for improving antenna isolation on airborne systems, such as towed decoys. Fortunately, for antenna isolation problems, the angles of… More

Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) can be used to create imagery for detection and classifying stationary ground vehicles. But when the vehicles are moving, they are distorted in the SAR imagery and thus cannot be recognized. High resolution MTI radars can be used to obtain range profiles of moving… More

Toyon Research Corporation will examine and optimize innovative reconfigurable flat panel antenna designs that provide broadband efficiency and maximum controllable directivity within a tightly constrained volume. These antenna designs will be based on microstrip and patch structures mounted on… More

The high-resolution radars at Kwajalein Missile Range (KMR) have sufficient bandwidth to resolve multiple scattering points on most targets of interest. As radar returns from these multiple scattering points fluctuate during track, the radar track point may jump between the scattering points. This… More

The Tradex radar at Kwajalein gathers both signature and metric data on reentry objects. Accurate real-time tracking is essential to: (1) keep the target in the center of the antenna beam for highest possible signal-to-noise, (2) place a limited number of data samples about the target, end (3) to… More

Synthetic aperture radars (SAR) can be used to create imagery for detection and classifying stationary ground vehicles. But when the vehicles are moving, they are distorted in the SAR imagery and thus cannot be recognized. High resolution MTI radars can be used to obtain range profiles of moving… More

Currently available thin, broad-band microwave absorbers do not perform well for near-grazing incidence of arbitrarily polarized waves. This limits their use for improving antenna isolation on airborne systems, such as towed decoys. Fortunately, for antenna isolation problems, the angles of… More

This proposal focuses on the development of fiber-optic link simulation software with a graphical user interface (GUI) to perform link analysis as described in ANSI/TIA/EIA-626-1995. In particular, the simulations will incorporate detailed physics based models for the fiber-optic components to… More

Small lightweight airborne platforms present severe constraints to the development of communication antenna suites. This is particularly so when there is a need for multiple SATCOM links including high data rate transmissions in the presence of interference environments. Limitations due to size,… More

Not Available The multi-million dollar market of Hybrid electronics is thriving despite the problems with the current manufacturing technologies. Processes like direct-bond-copper and other manufacturing techniques used to create Hybrid circuits are very time consuming, expensive, and produce… More

Not Available This proposal addresses an innovative solution to solicitation 99-012. It is a novel method for direct manufacture of metal parts or other metallic components. As compared to conventional rapid prototyping or rapid realization technologies, the proposed technology will enable the… More

Not Available tHC proposes a virtual satellite (VirtualSat) platform environment. In this environment, enhanced functionality and autonomy of navigation, guidance and control systems is provided by a virtual satellite simulating its dynamic behavior. Within this virtu

GPS is a mission-critical system supporting U.S. military forcesthrough all levels of conflict. By the same token, we must beable to deny our enemies the ability to exploit GPS against ourforces. Probably the most practical means of GPS-denial is viajamming, but it is very important to control where… More

Toyon Research proposes to develop a non-cooperative target recognition (NCTR) module that classifies airborne targets based on high-range-resolution (HRR) radar measurements collected by any number of sensors over time. The NCTR module will consist of aclassifier that uses a representation of the… More

In future military operations, intelligence analysts will have access tounprecedented quantities of surveillance data. Toyon proposes to develop anarchitecture that employs

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to design a low-cost, jammer resistant antenna element suitable for legacy handheld GPS receivers. The design will mechanically and electronically interface with the handheld unit and require no change to the receiver.This active antenna device will provide 35 to… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will provide a continuous identification of ground vehicles through moving and stationary states. These algorithms will receive detections with signature information from synthetic apertureradars (SAR) and… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and develop a small, low-cost anti-jam GPS controlled receive pattern antenna (CRPA) system for jammer threat location and estimation. This system is to be a tri-mode device that can enhance jammer-to-signaltolerance by 25 db for anti-jam GPS… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and develop a small, low-cost anti-jam GPS controlled receive pattern antenna (CRPA) system for jammer threat location and estimation. This system is to be a tri-mode device that can enhance jammer-to-signaltolerance by 25 db for anti-jam GPS… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will provide a continuous identification of ground vehicles through moving and stationary states. These algorithms will receive detections with signature information from synthetic apertureradars (SAR) and… More

Toyon Research proposes to develop a fusion module that fuses measurements collected by an arbitrary number of sensors over time to provide target recognition of airborne targets. The fusion module will consist of a Bayesian Network and a statisticaldatabase. The Bayesian Network will update beliefs… More

Not Available "The Nonlinear and Linear Mixed-Effects (NLME) package for the open source statistical software system R provides an effective and efficient way to analyze longitudinal data collected from nested groups of subjects when the response of interest is on acontinuous scale. At present it… More

Toyon Research proposes to develop a fusion module that fuses measurements collected by any number of sensors over time. The fusion module will consist of a Bayesian Network and a statistical database. The Bayesian Network will update beliefs about whattype of target is being measured by taking into… More

Toyon Research Corporation has developed a single element, anti-jam, electronically reconfigurable antenna (ERA) that will serve as a retrofit for the existing antenna of the Precise Lightweight GPS Receiver (PLGR). Toyon's ERA will adaptively reconfigureitself so as to substantially reduce received… More

"Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a system to track and identify ballistic objects. The system will use radar measurements containing kinematic information (e.g., range, range rate, azimuth) as well as feature information (e.g., HRR profiles,RCS, electrical length). We propose to… More

"In an MDA interception of a threat complex there may be a number of objects, none of which has been identified positively as an RV. As the interception proceeds, discrimination provides for each object a probability that it is an RV, and theseprobabilities may change with time as more information… More

"Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and to develop a low-cost, jammer localization and characterization network, as well as the analysis tools necessary to ensure that the system provides valuable assistance in battlefield awareness andmission planning. The system will consist of a… More

Toyon Research, Java Professionals, and Lockheed Martin propose to develop a system that will accept information from multiple sensors (such as SAR imagery, EO/IR imagery, moving target indicator radars, target status, etc.) and sources (JSF sensors orinformation from ISR network that includes… More

Space-based radars for detection and precision tracking of air and ground targets over the entire battlefield require extremely large apertures. Toyon Research proposes to develop an innovative active lens antenna concept that promises excellent RF and DCpower efficiency as well as excellent… More

"Toyon Research proposes to develop a particle filter-based Bayesian state estimation algorithm. Motivated by the increasing availability of high-range-resolution radar (HRRR) data and the benefits of incorporating "feature" information into trackingalgorithms, we will develop a particle filtering… More

GPS, while an integral part of modern guidance and communication systems, remains extremely vulnerable to disruption by interfering sources. RFI from Telemetry and Data Link antenna systems often causes severe degradation in the performance of GPSreceivers. Toyon Research Corporation proposes to… More

"Current shipboard electronic warfare (EW) systems do not adequately cover the full frequency range of likely future radar missile seeker threats. Toyon Research Corporation proposes a "building-block" antenna approach that would provide low costomni-directional azimuth antenna coverage for… More

"Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will task future radars so that the location and identification (ID) of time-critical targets can be supported. Our approach is to treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where afusion-aided continuous ID process works with a… More

"Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms for creating sensor tasks and assigning them to appropriate sensors based on a priori data, information gathered during surveillance, and assumptions about future events. Our approach will entailconstructing an objective function using an… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to demonstrate a new lens antenna designed to meet the extreme demands of next-generation, large-aperture, space-based radar (SBR) with significantly improved electrical and mechanical efficiency. The X-band, agile-beamdesign has better aperture efficiency, better… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will task Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) sensors so that they are able to locate and identify ground targets. Our approach is to treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where a fusionand tracking process works with a dynamic… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms for the active management of multiple sensors executing collection plans developed in advance of a mission. Events during the course of the mission can cause some of the sensors to be unable toperform their scheduled tasks on time. For sensor… More

Toyon proposes to develop a feature-aided dynamic sensor tasking (FA-DST) algorithm for high fidelity radars so that the continuous location and identification (ID) of time-critical ground targets can be supported. Our approach is to treat the problem as aclosed-loop feedback system where a… More

GPS, while an integral part of modern guidance and communcation systems, is extremely vulnerable to disruption by radio frequency interference (RFI). On flight test platforms, telemetry and data link signals severely degrade the performance of GPSreceivers. Toyon Research Corporation proposes to… More

Toyon proposes to develop algorithms that will dynamically task GMD sensors to support data fusion for improved acquisition, tacking and identification (ID) of time-critical ballistic targets. We treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback system where afusion-aided continuous ID process works with… More

The University of Wisconsin and Toyon Research Corporation propose developing a software package in the R statistical environment for estimating generalized linear mixed-effects models (GLMMs) from multilevel, categorical data (e.g., binary, ordinal ormultinomial data). The proposed software package… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to design an electronically controlled, lightweight, multi-band antenna with gain pattern reconfiguration capabilities. The antenna will use a modified version of Toyon's reconfigurable virtual antenna lattice (ReVAL)and be designed to operate in the L, S, and X… More

Existing ship defense systems are designed to thwart high-speed anti-ship missiles, but it is conceivable that a large number of low-cost airborne or surface attack craft could be lethal and/or extremely expensive to defend against. Ships' gun systems aremuch lower cost per round, but at long range… More

The wireless spectrum is a limited natural resource that is extensively used by a large number of users with diverse interests. Currently, this spectrum is allocated on a

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and develop a low-cost, miniature direction finding (Mini-DF(TM)) module and build a proof-of-concept system. The primary focus of this Phase I effort will be to locate cellular and wireless communicationsand RF emissions in the 2.0 MHz to 3.0 GHz… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a low-cost miniature anti-jam GPS integrated communications (MAGIC) antenna system that is compatible with the guidance integrated fuze (GIF) electronics package. The GIF is intended to replace an existing NATO standard multi-option fuze for artillery… More

Toyon proposes to develop a feature-aided dynamic sensor tasking (FA-DST) algorithm and a tracked object manager (TOM) that form the backbone of a system for the continuous tracking and, if appropriate, identification of high-value targets. The FA-DST algorithm collects target feature measurements… More

Toyon Research Corporation and Dr. David Miller from The Pennsylvania State University propose to develop robust ATR algorithms for the classification of ground vehicles. Additionally, we propose to apply the same underlying technology to improve the robustness of feature-aided tracking (FAT). Our… More

In future military operations, intelligence analysts will have access to unprecedented quantities of surveillance data. Toyon proposes to develop an architecture that employs "intelligent software agents" to reduce information overload for the operator by automating many of the intelligence… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate an innovative super-lightweight, multiple-beam, radar antenna that is ideally suited to cruise missile defense and other surveillance applications aboard high-altitude airships. The antenna provides surveillance coverage over a wide scan… More

Toyon Research Corporation and Lockheed-Martin propose to develop discrimination algorithms that process any number of measurements from X-band and/or S-band radars to discriminate countermeasures and other objects from reentry vehicles (RVs). Our approach makes use of statistical models that have… More

Toyon/UCSB proposes to research and design architectures for sensor networks to efficiently communicate to antenna array enabled collectors. Communication will take place in a coordinated fashion such that space-time coding can be employed. This technique can be exploited for a variety of purposes… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms that will enable Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) pilots to locate and identify ground targets that are difficult to detect due to foliage, camouflage, or partial concealment. Our approach is to fuse information from standoff or other Intelligence,… More

For many wireless systems, such as satellite communications (SATCOM), capacity is limited by a lack of available spectrum. However, studies have shown that at any given time only a small percentage of the active wireless spectrum is used. Since its inception, wireless transmission has been regulated… More

Toyon Research Corporation and the University of California at Santa Barbara propose to develop algorithms for the dynamic management of sensors onboard small, autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) to execute Cooperative Search, Acquisition, and Tracking (CSAT) of multiple moving ground targets.… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms for the active management of multiple sensors necessary for a situational assessment (SA) system. In our approach dynamic sensor resource management is cast as an optimization problem where the goal is to minimize the information-theoretic… More

Toyon Research Corporation has improved upon traditional interference mitigation techniques to develop conformal antenna systems that reduce interference with close-proximity elements. These antenna systems include fixed radiation pattern antennas (FRPAs) combined with high-impedance surface… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a tracking system that is able to accept measurements from radars and EO/IR sensors to track surface targets. Our approach will be to use a Sequential Monte Carlo Technique, sometimes called Particle Filter, to filter measurements and compute… More

Toyon Research Corporation and Dr. David Miller from The Pennsylvania State University propose to develop a robust automatic target recognition (ATR) module that is capable of classifying ground vehicles observed by radar and/or multispectral sensors. The classifier that will be developed will also… More

Policies regarding spectrum management have traditionally been driven by ease of implementation and a need to cater to the lowest level technology denominator. With the rapid growth of wireless communication systems, exponential in certain markets, management policies emphasizing efficient use of… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a fusion module that is capable of fusing measurements and/or tracks from a variety of different sensors including EO/IR, radar, ESM, acoustic, and video. The locations of the sensors may be widespread requiring a communications system with limited… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to continue our research on Sensor Resource Management (SRM) designed to improve Situational Assessment (SA). Our approach is to cast SRM in the form of an optimization problem with an objective function featuring Shannon entropy. SA is defined as estimating… More

A vast array of high-value installations are situated within or near waterways. With such a large number of vulnerable targets, current threat detection schemes are too costly to provide sufficient levels of protection. At the same time, with 95% of material goods arriving via ports and waterways,… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop an algorithm for the display and visualization of ground vehicle movement predictions based upon sequential Monte Carlo sampling techniques, or particle filters. Ground vehicle movement comprises a vast number of nonlinear elements imposed by… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to research and analyze innovative technologies for the dynamic management of Unmanned Air and Ground Vehicles (UAVs, UGVs) and Unattended Ground Sensors (UGS) with an emphasis on achieving synergy and collaboration between the assets. Algorithms for the effective… More

With the continued proliferation of airborne assets and associated sensors, the Air Force of today offers the capability of providing new levels of situational awareness. The possibility of having measurements, such as imaging, delivered in real-time to a broad range of forward deployed units as… More

Electro-optic (EO) imagery provides a rich source of information for feature-based target combat identification (CID). Yet, variable operating conditions, including sensor range, depression angle, and angle of approach, as well as target illumination and degree of occlusion, have so far prevented… More

Toyon Research Corporation, together with the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) and Nautronix MariPro Corporation, proposes to develop autonomy algorithms which will transform a set of independent underwater vehicles (AUVs) into a collaborating swarm of AUVs that work together to… More

The use of multiple beams and frequencies make phased arrays desirable elements in modern communication systems. Phased arrays enable area scanning with much greater detail and speed than traditional antenna systems. High insertion-loss phase shifters in the array currently create the need for… More

Toyon Research Corporation has developed and patented reconfigurable antenna technology that represents a significant improvement upon traditional antennas. Toyon's approach is to use parasitic control devices to adjust the gain, frequency response, radar cross section (RCS), or polarization of an… More

Providing situational awareness to ground-based personnel in tactical scenarios is a challenging problem. This proposal provides a plan for developing a ballistically deployed wireless imaging sensor with networking capabilities. Our solution addresses all aspects of the problem from the imaging… More

Modern military aircraft carry many microwave and RF systems which must operate in close proximity to one another. Radio frequency interference (RFI) is virtually inevitable. The EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare (EW) aircraft presents a particularly severe interoperability problem because its… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a high-accuracy, self-contained position and orientation sensor for use in soldier head and weapon tracking applications. The Hybrid Fixed Inertial (HyFIT) navigation system contains three main subsystems: an inertial measurement unit (IMU), Toyon's… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop decision and control algorithms for cooperative agents operating under an intermittent asynchronous communication network. Agents will be expected to perform a variety of cooperative missions such as persistent intelligence, surveillance, and… More

Infrared (IR) sensors have expanded rapidly into many defense and commercial markets. The testing of IR sensors requires the ability to generate extended IR scenes without flicker. The current state of the art in IR scene generation technology typically utilizes a `reverse bolometer' to create IR… More

The proposed work will develop and validate a design methodology for integrating antenna systems into the skin of aircraft. Applications to small, unmanned aerial vehicles (SUAV) are particularly emphasized. These systems will provide broadband and multifunctional antenna capabilities. They will… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to design an improved GPS receiver and GPS antenna to reduce installation-dependent errors due to multipath. To develop the receiver, we will prototype and implement various interference cancellation algorithms on a software-defined radio simulation toolkit and… More

Wireless links are currently protected from eavesdropping by protocols which may be broken by sufficiently advanced computers. Quantum encryption techniques use fundamental physics principles to obtain unconditionally secure secret key, unbreakable even by a quantum computer, with which to encode… More

When low-cost wireless nodes are combined with novel communication and application layers as well as sensing hardware, the resulting wireless sensor network (WSN) can provide a degree of fidelity for data collection and control not previously possible. For this reason, WSNs can be found in a… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a miniature ultra-tightly coupled software-defined navigation (SDN) system that can provide anti-jam (AJ) GPS capability and attitude measurements independent of an inertial measurement unit (IMU). Using a single-aperture 4-cm antenna, the system will… More

Toyon proposes to further develop an intelligent agent-based system to provide "expert" assistance for the analyst in autonomously fusing, assessing, and collating relevant information. Agents will be expected to perform a variety of cooperative missions such as persistent intelligence,… More

Wireless communication systems must operate under challenging conditions. For instance, communication between two ground personnel within an urban environment may not be possible; there may be severe fading or attenuation due to the numerous obstacles present. At the same time, this lack of… More

Toyon Research Corporation and the University of California at Santa Barbara propose to develop a control system for Cooperative Search, Acquisition, and Tracking (CSAT) by small, autonomous Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). This system will include algorithms for dynamic routing and sensor management… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop an automated decision aid to allow commanders to make intelligent choices regarding the command and control of unmanned systems (UMS). The tool calculates the costs and benefits associated with allocating available UMS to investigate targets based upon… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate a multipath mitigating antenna/receiver system for GPS geodetic applications. Our proposed system consists of a dual-channel antenna that provides spatial discrimination between the direct satellite signal and multipath signals, coupled… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to further develop and demonstrate a multifunctional design methodology that will enable an electronically reconfigurable antenna (ERA) system to be integrated into the load-bearing structure of a ship. It is a goal of this study to enhance the EM/Power design… More

The use of multiple beams and frequencies make phased arrays desirable elements in modern communication systems. Phased arrays enable area scanning with much greater detail and speed than traditional antenna systems. High insertion-loss phase shifters in the array currently create the need for… More

Modern military aircraft carry many microwave and RF systems which must operate in close proximity to one another. Radio frequency interference (RFI) is virtually inevitable. The EA-6B Prowler electronic warfare (EW) aircraft presents a particularly severe interoperability problem because its… More

Toyon Research Corporation has developed and patented reconfigurable antenna technology that represents a significant improvement upon traditional antennas. Toyon's approach is to use parasitic control devices to adjust the gain, frequency response, or polarization of an antenna element. Toyon… More

Obtaining situational awareness in tactical operations often involves high risk to personnel and/or equipment. The ELASTIC concept is to overcome this problem through the use of very low-cost, yet sophisticated, rapidly-deployable imaging sensors. Features of our proposed concept include use of… More

Toyon Research Corporation and the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) propose to develop decision and control algorithms for cooperative agents operating under an intermittent asynchronous communication network. Agents will be expected to perform a variety of cooperative missions such… More

For many military operational scenarios there is an extremely large geographical theater. Providing coverage requires 100s to 1000s of sensing devices. Command and control (C2) of such a large number of devices, to provide time sensitive targeting (TST), poses a difficult technical challenge. Our… More

Toyon proposes to develop a dynamic sensor tasking module (DSTM) for AESA radars that explicitly considers mission objectives when selecting sensor tasks. We will employ a finite-horizon feedback approach where we plan tasks for a specified time interval and then replan once that interval has… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a low-cost, lightweight, networkable far-target locator for the command launch unit (CLU) of the Javelin anti-armor weapon system. The proposed Small, Tactical, Attitude-aided, Robust Locator for Enhanced Targeting (STARLET) will interface with the CLU… More

We propose to develop advanced algorithms and software to collaboratively track people and vehicles in an urban environment using video imagery (visible, IR) from a network of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The tracking and data fusion architecture will have one fusion node in a surveillance… More

In many security operations such as protecting a military base from guerilla warfare-type attacks, there is a limited time to assess threats and take appropriate action. For example, warning soldiers of an impending mortar attack requires an early-detection system, an estimation algorithm that… More

There are many applications in which target tracking systems rely on multiple sensors to track objects over long durations to achieve situational awareness. In particular, Naval missions, such as those that support Maritime Domain Awareness, rely on a collection of sensors that typically have… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a system that allows a user to control multiple unmanned systems (UMS) of varying levels of autonomy. We will use Dynamic Decision Networks (DDNs) to create decision-theoretic agents that can make rational, optimal decisions on their own. DDNs are an… More

Toyon proposes to assess the development of a Geospatial Analysis and Planning Support (GAPS) Toolbox plug-in for the visualization of dynamic ad hoc communications networks with relevant detail required for effective mission planning, optimized node placement, and efficient unmanned relay routing.… More

In current and future military applications, multiple sensing technologies are being employed to provide accurate situational awareness, resulting in successful and safely-deployed missions. Many threats, including mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs), are intelligently hidden from human… More

A number of Army systems today depend on GPS for position and timing information. Reception of GPS signals on the battlefield is threatened by the effectiveness of ground-based GPS jamming devices, which are easy to construct and available from a number of sources worldwide. There is a need to… More

The hardware and software architecture for an ultra-tightly coupled (UTC) Software-Defined Navigation (SDN) system has been developed. Using a small single-aperture antenna the system will provide anti-jam (AJ) GPS capability and attitude measurements independent of an inertial navigation system… More

In border security applications for remote deployment, with no existing infrastructure or roadways as well as areas with dense foliage, a promising technology is the use of unattended ground sensors (UGS). While there has been a great deal of research and development in the areas of UGS and wireless… More

The current state-of-the-art (SOA) process for designing chemical and biological sensor networks at facilities is slow, expensive, and requires highly skilled subject matter experts to complete. Toyon Research Corporation proposes a radically different approach to the SOA process, which will be… More

Successfully monitoring vast areas of landscape is crucial for maintaining security across the United States border. We envision the solution to this problem to consist of a search sensor, such as a radar, that cues an EO/IR sensor which provides recognition and tracking capabilities. In this Phase… More

The available space for antennas located in the OE-538 mast is extremely limited. The gain and bandwidth performance of antennas are ultimately limited by their size. This limited gain and bandwidth constrains the maximum communication data rate for submarines. With the increasing communication… More

Many problems exist, particularly in defense and security scenarios, in which long-term tracking of objects is important. Long-term tracking generally requires the use of collected features in order to uniquely identify the object of interest. As conditions under which the features are collected… More

Toyon will develop an obstacle avoidance sensor and flight control system for small unmanned aerial vehicles or (SUAVs) and micro air vehicles (MAVs) operating in cluttered urban and indoor environments. The enabling component of this system is Toyon's Hybrid Fixed Inertial (HyFI) sensor suite.… More

Toyon Research and Rockwell Scientific propose to develop a single chip T/R module using InP HEMT technology that is optimized for minimal power consumption in receive-mode -- a dramatically different paradigm than for airborne radar. The choice of InP HEMT allows exceptionally low DC power… More

Infrared (IR) imagery provides a rich source of information for target detection, feature-based tracking, and identification. Yet, variable operating conditions, including sensor range, viewing angle, as well as target illumination and degree of occlusion, have so far prevented the development and… More

Highly-accurate detection, tracking, and identification of dim missile defense targets poses a significant challenge, due to scene clutter, finite sensor resolution, and nonlinearities in the target dynamics and sensor measurement models. Toyon proposes to use optical mathematical methods to design… More

Optimal placement of multiple sensors is an important part of the contemporary battlefield, however the computational challenge increases exponentially with the number of sensors considered in the problem. Global search techniques such as Simulated Annealing and Genetic Algorithms have been employed… More

Toyon(R) proposes to develop a system for optimized resource allocation of networked sensors that will dynamically task sensors to support data fusion for improved surveillance, detection, tracking and discrimination of time-critical ballistic targets. We treat the problem as a closed-loop feedback… More

The US Army has a need for a vehicle mounted arbitrary waveform generator to be used for research, development, and testing of various Electronic Surveillance (ES) and Electronic Warfare (EW) systems. The generator must be low-cost, multi-channel, high power, fast tuning, and capable of operation… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a novel algorithm for dynamically prioritizing information available to members of a distributed intelligence architecture. This algorithm will allow a network agent to determine what information is of most value to client agents onboard aircraft based… More

The Air Force currently has a strong need to conduct antenna gain tests over the 100-300 MHz frequency band. It is desirable to conduct these tests indoors utilizing an anechoic chamber, to control the environment and reduce EMI from external sources. Unfortunately, the walls of anechoic chambers at… More

It is clear that autonomous navigation, guidance, and control of micro air vehicles (MAV) in cluttered environments while detecting and avoiding objects is highly challenging. MAVs and small unmanned aerial vehicles place severe size, weight, and power constraints on avionics and sensor payloads.… More

Automated video processing for airborne surveillance applications requires accurate registration of the video frames. For example, change detection processing for moving target detection requires accurate frame-to-frame alignment of the image plane projections of world points. When the surveillance… More

Wireless networks of micro-sensor devices have numerous military, scientific, and commercial applications. In many cases, accurate knowledge of the locations and orientations of the devices is essential; applications include efficient packet routing, target tracking, and generally for providing… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a very lightweight, power-efficient Ku-band AESA antenna to meet the needs of small UAVs performing ISR missions over the battlefield. The antenna utilizes a space-feed to minimize antenna mass as has been proven on previous space-radar programs. The… More

Toyon proposes to develop a low-power and compact reconfigurable radio specifically targeted to NASA mission needs. We envision the radio to be well matched to small satellites, terrestrial ground links, and autonomous vehicles. The design is based on the latest in field programmable gate array… More

One of the most effective sensor modalities for situational awareness is imagery. While typically high bandwidth and relegated to analog wireless communications, continuing advances in consumer IC development hold the promise to revolutionize image data collection and its transport. In this effort,… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop the Geospatial Analysis and Planning Support (GAPS) Toolbox plug-in for the visualization of dynamic ad-hoc network communications effects with relevant detail required for effective mission planning, timely mission support, and seamless… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate Toyon's Hybrid Fixed Inertial (HyFI) navigation sensor suite on a small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) or micro air vehicle (MAV). HyFI is a compact, lightweight, self-contained position sensor that incorporates inertial measurement,… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to further develop advanced algorithms, software, and camera interfaces for a low-cost, low-power, man-portable automated detection and cueing solution. During the Phase I effort, Toyon demonstrated accurate cueing to detected target locations, which can be used… More

Just as WiFi has become the de facto standard for wireless home networking, IEEE 802.15.4 is quickly becoming the standard of choice for machinery control, building monitoring, and a host of other industrial, commercial, and government control system functions. However, along with increasing… More

Wireless transmission in the IFICS must overcome several technical challenges. These include radiation tolerance, wide temperature range, high mechanical stress, as well as constraints on size, weight, and power. Additional obstacles include nuclear effects, jamming, as well as the possibility of… More

With its capability for long range and good penetration, UHF is a popular wireless band. Because of this, frequency allocations in UHF are typically small, on the order of tens of kHz. At the same time, there is an increasing popularity of aerial platforms, such as UAVs, containing a variety of… More

Toyon Research Corporation, teamed with Teledyne Scientific, proposes to develop a hybrid T/R module for application to large space-based antenna arrays using multiple technologies that are optimized for specific functions within the module. This approach runs counter to previous thrusts to develop… More

Automatically detecting threatening behavior of dismounts would be an important capability in providing security to both civilians and miltiary personnel. Numerous environments could benefit from improved protective security monitoring, including military bases, governmental offices or complexes,… More

This proposal addresses the problem of angle-only tracking of multiple jammer strobes in 3D by a distributed network of passive sensors with decentralized track processing. The challenges are (1) to develop robust algorithms for signal and/or data processing to associate measurements unambiguously… More

From a technical perspective, providing secure and reliable wireless communication in a plant setting presents an array of challenges. In particular, there are difficult engineering trades that must be made between probability of signal detection and interception, against reliability of signal… More

The timely determination of the safest routes and schedules for supply convoys is a critical need for post-conflict operations; however, the computational challenge increases exponentially with the number of destinations and the number of supply convoys. We will combine a form of A* algorithm with… More

Toyon Research Corporation and University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) propose to develop and demonstrate key technological enablers for effective layered sensing to optimally employ Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) sensors and platforms. A wide variety of new sensor and… More

Sensor guided flight is an essential capability for utilizing UAVs more effectively in reconnaissance, surveillance and target acquisition (RSTA) missions. Sensor guided flight is envisioned as the ability for a UAV's sensing system, primarily an imaging system, to automatically request a platform… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a family of compact, low-cost GPS-based attitude (GPS/A) sensors for launch vehicles. In order to obtain 3-D attitude measurements (roll, pitch, and yaw) conventional GPS/A systems require three or more antennas with relatively large baselines (~0.5 m).… More

In this Phase II effort Toyon will increase the state-of-the-art for video/image systems. This will include digital image compression algorithms as well as system level integration, encompassing the image sensor all the way to compressed imagery data transport. To accomplish these goals Toyon will… More

In Phase II, we propose to develop an image processing toolkit (iPTK) which can be integrated into the MDA staring and scanning optical surveillance suites to provide significantly-improved capabilities for finding, fixing, and tracking multiple ballistic and flying low observable objects in highly… More

Wireless transceivers used for NASA space missions have traditionally been highly custom and mission specific. Programs such as the GRC Space Transceiver Radio System (STRS) seek to abstract the radio waveform from the hardware platform itself; this is meant to improve flexibility and promote… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop the capability within a constructive simulation to model military command and control decisions given information from many sources. In particular, Toyon will address the problem of intelligently redeploying forces given changing conditions reflected in… More

Imagery is a powerful tool for enhancing situational awareness. If operating personnel can see potential enemies well in advance of them being an active threat, there is time to mount a coordinated response. Imagery is particularly useful as it is an excellent sensor for classifying not only types… More

Modern military in-theater tactical and emergency communications would benefit greatly from an ability to communicate among all service platforms, but no common waveform standard currently exists to support this. Ideally, such as waveform would fully leverage the higher bandwidth connectivity… More

A key objective of our project is to develop advanced algorithms and software to track people and vehicles in an urban environment using video imagery from multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Track continuity of targets of interest (TOI) is an essential requirement. Collaborative UAV… More

A number of Army systems today depend on GPS for position and timing information. Reception of GPS signals on the battlefield is threatened by the effectiveness of ground-based GPS jamming devices, which are easy to construct and available from a number of sources worldwide. There is a need to… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate a low-cost far-target locator (FTL) for the command launch unit (CLU) of the Javelin anti-armor weapon system. While the proposed Small, Tactical, Attitude-aided, and Robust Locator for Enhanced Targeting (STARLET) system will initially… More

We propose to develop a dynamic sensor tasking module (DSTM) that will build schedules for AESA radars so that both air-to-air and air-to-ground missions can be supported by the same set of radars. The elements of our DSTM will include emulators for targets, sensors, and fusion systems; an objective… More

The algorithms developed on this effort will support a distributed sensor architecture in which a collection of sensors with typically disjoint field-of-views (FOVs), though some may have overlapping FOVs, are used to keep track of objects that move around within the sensor network. As the tracked… More

Sensors and allocation elements, such as valves and actuators, are pervasive in control systems. In an effort to reduce operating costs and increase system safety, there has been significant research and development focused on wireless sensor systems. To date, there has been limited penetration of… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop an Optimal Intervisibility Site Selection Tool to maximize visual coverage of specific areas of interest in the battlespace, while minimizing the number of assets required for that coverage. The tool will be incorporated both as a plug-in component for… More

While full motion video (FMV) data contains a wealth of information, its potential for providing actionable intelligence cannot be realized unless the data is provided within its geographic context and is correlated with available intelligence from human assets. To provide the necessary contextual,… More

Attitude determination of spin-stabilized platforms is especially challenging. Current low-cost gyroscope technology does not lend itself to attitude determination of platforms spinning in excess of one rotation per second. Traditional GPS-based attitude (GPS/A) sensors require three or more antenna… More

Handling false alarms produced by animals is a special problem for unattended ground sensors (UGS) because of the number of ways that animal signatures can mimic those of humans. Specifically, animal footsteps are impulsive, much like humans; the contact of a foot or hoof on the ground produces a… More

Toyon and our teammates at UCSB propose to design a multi-sensor fusion-based augmented and virtual reality tracking system that is capable of precisely determining the position and orientation of each participant's head and weapon relative to the local real and virtual environment without requiring… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop advanced algorithms to enable Sensor Guided Flight (SGF) by small fixed-wing Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). SGF is understood as the ability for a UAV''s sensing system to automatically request a platform position and attitude that maximizes sensor… More

High quality video sensors are an invaluable tool for the defense community, enabling unprecedented capabilities for command and control applications. These video systems traditionally use advanced image compression algorithms and Gigabit Ethernet for low latency transmission of large volumes of… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop an electrically reconfigurable SATCOM On-the-Move (OTM) distributed-aperture communications system for use over the DoD Wideband Global System at X- and K/Ka-bands. The system will incorporate: 1) Toyon's Electrically Reconfigurable Endfire Planar… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to demonstrate a very lightweight, power-efficient AESA antenna to meet the needs of small UAVs performing ISR missions over the battlefield. The antenna utilizes a hybrid active/passive architecture that minimizes T/R module count and total power consumption for… More

Cooperative engagement and cooperative sensing tasks require the development of accurate and persistent tracks. Though much work to date has focused on tracking using kinematic information only, a wide variety of feature information on the targets may be available to the tracker. Combining this… More

Many applications of micro-sensor networks, such as detecting and tracking targets in geodetic coordinates, require accurate knowledge of the network devices' positions and orientations. To meet this need, Toyon Research Corporation proposes to extend the optical localization algorithms developed in… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to determine the feasibility of developing a cooperative indoor navigation framework using signals of opportunity (SoOP). SoOP-aided navigation (SAN) will rely on signals such as those being emitted by WiFi and WiMAX access points and routers. A SoOP sensor design… More

Precise detection, tracking and geo-location of multiple moving and stationary targets from airborne sensors in real time poses a great challenge due to the separate registration tasks involved, with the most difficult being geo-registration which requires matching images taken under different… More

Identity management (IdM) problems arise in many applications, but the accuracy and reliability of IdM technologies in the military and homeland security domains are of the utmost importance. Numerous technologies exist to exploit biometrics for IdM, but such technologies are limited in the number… More

Toyon Research Corporation and Rockwell Collins propose to develop an anti-jam (AJ) GPS receiver for gun-launched projectiles that incorporates a Selective Availability/Anti-Spoofing Module (SAASM) and provides direct GPS-based 3-D attitude measurements for spin-stabilized and non-spin-stabilized… More

The utility of precision strike weapon flight testing is critically dependent on the use of fleet-representative test articles. The Navy has a need for a suite of flight test antennas that allow communication with the weapon under test without impacting the weapon's aerodynamic or observability… More

The capability to automatically monitor areas of strategic interest at increased ranges will undoubtedly yield a key advantage on the battlefield by reducing manpower and improving knowledge of enemy target locations. The ability to effectively exploit data from multiple sensor types to find, track,… More

Toyon proposes to develop high-performance algorithms and real-time software for exploitation of persistent wide-area high-resolution video-rate imaging information in accordance with AFRL's pixelpedia concept. The focus in Phase I is on demonstrating feasibility of key algorithm components of the… More

The coordination and management of sensor data collection has a strong influence on the accuracy and completeness of the fused situational awareness picture. To provide the best possible picture, Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop algorithms which generate controls for a collection of… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to evaluate intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) architectures and algorithms to enable effective layered sensing. The stated objective of this SBIR Phase II research effort is threefold. (1) Toyon will perform a system-level trade study of layered… More

The Navy has need of assessing the river environment including bathymetry, flow velocity profile, and navigational obstructions. While improvements in measurement fidelity and reduction in cost have come about by the use of multiple drifters, measurement quality is lost due to convergent drifter… More

Toyon Research Corporation and Brown University propose to develop a complete real-time software solution which ingests multi-sensor ISR imagery and produces geo-specific, realistic simulated imagery for flight simulators and training devices. The technical innovations enabling this solution include… More

NASA needs reliable, accurate navigation for launch vehicles and other missions. GPS is the best world-wide navigation system, but operates at low power making it susceptible to intentional and unintentional interference. Toyon proposes to develop an anti-jam front-end that uses Space-Time Adaptive… More

An increasing number of civilian and military platforms rely on navigation systems. These systems usually comprise a centralized filter, which fuses measurements from a number of different sensors and does not include a "hot-swap" capability. Hence, it is not possible to reconfigure sensor… More

Engagement and sensing tasks require the ability to quickly and accurately identify friendly and enemy targets. This rapid and precise ID information is useful particularly in situations where immediate targeting of enemy aircraft is necessary. Since cooperative techniques such as IFF do not always… More

Toyon proposes to develop a compact, high performance transceiver module for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications. This module will combine an efficient modulation waveform, efficient video compression, target tracking, and compact packaging technology in a volume of 2.5 cubic inches. The… More

Toyon proposes to design, develop and build a GPS system that uses external RF signals for timing estimation in order to acquire Precise Positioning Service (P/Y/M-code) signals under jamming conditions where the GPS C/A-code cannot be used. The RF signals will be selected to provide sub-second… More

Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR) Electronic Support (ES) requires sophisticated algorithms and considerable hardware for jammer detection, characterization and geo-location. Unfortunately, unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) have highly constrained Size, Weight and Power (SWAP) requirements and yet need access… More

This Small Business Innovative Research Phase I project supports the preliminary research for the development of a system of wireless sensors that harvest their power from their immediate environment. This will allow the distribution of maintenance free monitoring points throughout the plant… More

Toyon proposes to develop adversarial target prediction algorithms and a mission execution framework that supports collaborative teaming of airborne and ground based Unmanned Systems (UMS) to enable tracking and surveillance of uncooperative targets. The proposed AVERT system will include automatic… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a Safe Route Planning Tool with embedded algorithms and models which will rapidly compute near-optimal routes and schedules for supply convoys, taking into account dynamically changing conditions and logistic constraints. We utilize a discrete directed… More

The available space for antennas within a submarine sail is extremely limited. To achieve the desired multi-frequency capability for future submarine communications systems, phased array apertures will need to be collocated within a single housing. The resulting close proximity of transmit and… More

Toyon proposes to develop high-performance algorithms and real-time software for WAPS video exploitation in accordance with AFRL"s Voxelpedia concept of long-term statistical and syntactic learning in a geo-registered 3D framework. Toyon"s approach is based on dense 3D reconstruction of… More

The capability to automatically monitor areas of strategic interest at increased ranges will undoubtedly yield a key advantage on the battlefield by reducing manpower and improving knowledge of enemy target locations. The ability to effectively exploit data from multiple sensor types to find, track,… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a sensor resource manager that will allow an AESA radar to be more successful at using its energy to detect, locate, and identify targets. The sensor manager will utilize a model of the AESA radar and its signal processing functions to select sensor… More

Toyon proposes to develop software that can process infrared video streams to automatically detect gray whale blows. Additionally, the software will count the number of blows and estimate the speed and the number of whales that are present. We will make use of a novel technique for whale blow… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a low-cost navigation system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that achieves an attitude accuracy of better than 0.1 degrees using commercial-grade gyroscopes and accelerometers. An order of magnitude improvement in navigation performance will be… More

ABSTRACT: With the current flood of surveillance data available to ISR analysts, human attention has become the most valuable resource to ISR systems. Although automated tracking and labeling algorithms are now capable of automatically identifying and roughly classifying targets, the current rate… More

The Toyon Research Corporation and Missouri University of Science and Technology (Toyon-MST) team proposes development of a system which fuses multi-spectral EO and 3D data collected with a low-cost LIDAR to enable improved perception and navigation for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs). Phase I… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a scenario-based radio simulator and analysis tool which can be used to simulate, analyze, and test the next generation of mobile multi-protocol tactical systems. The tool will be based upon, and integrated into, Toyon"s Geospatial Analysis… More

The Navy has need of assessing the river environment including bathymetry, flow velocity profile, and navigational obstructions. While improvements in measurement fidelity and reduction in cost have come about by the use of multiple drifters, measurement quality is lost due to convergent drifter… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes research and development of advanced algorithms and efficient software for performing high-resolution georegistered 3D reconstruction with associated error models. The technology will be capable of processing sequences of 2D images to automatically generate and… More

A design environment for communications system is proposed that enables rapid design and analysis of high-performance communications systems.

The MDA mission requires the use of data fusion to obtain accurate and persistent tracks of threatening objects discriminated from debris/countermeasures in order to provide an integrated picture of the battle space as well as fire control solutions to interceptors. A wide variety of information… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a sensor resource management (SRM) algorithm that generates schedules that assign sensors to specific tasks, chosen to best protect numerous defended areas from multiple raids. We cast the problem of SRM as a combinatorial optimization problem and our… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation"s six-element GPS antenna rejects cross polarization over the entire hemisphere by no less than 15 dB when summed in the first fundamental mode of operation. The antenna was designed for a direction-finding application where high levels of multi-path were… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation has developed a geodetic-quality GPS antenna based on a multi-arm helix. The antenna covers both L1 and L2 bands, exhibits cross-polarization rejection of more than 20 dB at and above the horizon, requires neither a large ground plane nor a choke ring, and… More

Bio-signature is a new area of research that may be used for tracking and identification (ID) of dismounts through remote sensing. Typical"cooperative"bio-signatures (e.g. fingerprints, retinal scans) require that an individual agreeably come in contact with a sensor, which is not… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation proposes research and development resulting in production of a hand-held device capable of real-time fully-automated measurement of hole sizes and hole-to-edge distances for aircraft manufacturing quality assurance applications. The proposed product will be… More

There are many orders of magnitude light intensity differentiation from a dark room to sunlight. Because standard linear CMOS and CCD image sensors can only offer up to approximately 60 dB of dynamic range, they are prone to saturation or darkness in high contrast scenes. Work in this proposed… More

The proposed GUI-based direct FPGA programming tool should be able to handle complex mathematics, produce efficient code, and be easy to use. In this effort Toyon proposes to use Matlab synthesis (M-synthesis) for this purpose. As most algorithm developers already use Matlab for modeling and… More

Many Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems involve combining track data from multiple sources, leading to an improved track picture. A multitude of track fusion algorithms exist, some of which require significant computational resources and have difficulty running in real-time… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes research and development to maximize exploitation of co-boresighted multi-sensor EO/IR video, based on an innovative Bayesian track-before-detect algorithm. Statistical background modeling is performed to optimize clutter suppression, and estimated moving target… More

The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program has need of a programmable and extensible wireless channel impairment emulator accommodating networks of 8 to 100 radio nodes operating in a frequency range of 2 MHz to 2 GHz. The emulator should be high fidelity, broadband, have a range resolution of… More

In recent years, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become a key component in the Army"s intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) infrastructure. Small, hand-launchable UAVs in particular are a key component as they allow individual units to gather critical information from safe… More

Military and civilian platforms increasingly rely on the Global Positioning System (GPS) system for not only navigation and position, but also communication and time. The susceptibility of GPS to sources of intentional and unintentional interference increases the vulnerability of such platforms. The… More

Video sensors provide a wealth of valuable information, including the location, motion, and appearance of military and civilian vehicles, people, and objects in an area of regard. Unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) provide a platform with characteristics suited for persistent surveillance,… More

Discriminating between dismounts, fauna, vehicle, blowing vegetation, and other moving objects detectable by Ground Moving Target Indicator (GMTI) radar is of great importance for many surveillance and reconnaissance tasks. Current state-of-the-art discrimination algorithms usually involve… More

Systems designed to transport and/or store audio and video data rely on compression to improve bandwidth and storage efficiency. Typically, lossless compression is used by the scientific and medical communities where information loss cannot be tolerated and where there are sufficient networking… More

ABSTRACT: The coordination and management of sensor data collection has a strong influence on the accuracy and completeness of the fused situational awareness picture. To provide the best possible picture, Toyon Research proposes to develop algorithms which generate controls for a collection of… More

High quality video sensors are an invaluable tool for the defense community, enabling unprecedented capabilities for command and control applications. These video systems traditionally use advanced image compression algorithms and Gigabit Ethernet for low latency transmission of large volumes of… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes a multiple-aperture coherently combined distributed-aperture-system prototype at X-band. This multi-aperture system will use our MIMO signal combining technology, our Closed-Loop Coherent Subarray Phase Tracker design, and our Reconfigurable X-band Array designed… More

Toyon proposes to develop a system that can automatically count the number of gray whales that pass nearby a shore-based installation. The system will be comprised of infrared cameras and a set of computers, which automatically scan the video for whale blows. We have implemented and tested such an… More

Toyon proposes to develop a scenario-based radio simulator and analysis tool which can be used to simulate, analyze, and test the next generation of mobile, multi-protocol tactical systems. The tool, based upon Toyon"s Geospatial Analysis Planning Support (GAPS) Toolbox, provides a geographic… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation and the Pennsylvania State University propose to develop a software tool which allows an operator to interactively identify suspicious activities. The tool will be called ALARM (Active Learning for Anomaly Recognition and Mensuration). It will ingest a database… More

Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop and demonstrate a prototype low-cost precision navigation system using commercial-grade gyroscopes and accelerometers. During the Phase I effort an uncalibrated brassboard system was built and flight tested using a manned biplane. The brassboard system… More

Developing an adaptive desktop trainer to effectively train imagery analysts is crucial for executing precise intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions that rely heavily on the exploitation of full motion video (FMV). Typical training environments for aerial platforms include… More

ABSTRACT: In this effort Toyon proposes to develop a set of technologies for improving onboard processing capabilities for RPA. This will include small form factor hardware, a library of high-level image processing routines, as well as general development support in order to allow end-users to… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a decentralized asset management framework which will provide near-optimal dynamic cooperative control of diverse assets within the Layered Sensing Architecture. We propose to develop an asset manager which will perform allocation,… More

ABSTRACT: The military value of infrared (IR)-based, wide-area-motion-imagery (WAMI) collected from airborne platforms cannot be overemphasized. The unique capabilities of UAVs have resulted in commanders becoming increasingly reliant on them to conduct day-to-day operations. The need to further… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation and Argo Science Corporation propose research and development of innovative algorithms for tracking multiple closely-spaced targets in space-based next-generation infrared imagery. The proposed algorithms are capable of automated detection and tracking of both… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation proposes research and development of advanced algorithms to provide accurate real-time geo-registration of airborne imagery collected by EO/IR surveillance systems, including wide area motion imagery (WAMI) systems such as ARGUS, Gorgon Stare, and Blue Devil.… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation proposes to develop a passive stereo camera imaging system capable of being integrated into a helmet-mounted display (HMD), rapidly and accurately measuring interpupillary distance (IPD), and allowing actuation of the HMD interaxial distance for accurate… More

Current celestial azimuth sensors suffer from two challenges meant to be addressed through the proposed work. The first is an inability to operate in degraded weather conditions. This may be due to high levels of atmospheric contamination, e.g., smog and haze, as well as generally poor weather, such… More

Toyon proposes to develop a precision anti-jam (AJ) GPS receiver for fixed-wing and rotorcraft platforms that provides improved protection against broadband and narrowband jammers, as well as repeaters, spoofers, and multipath using a small-aperture antenna. Adaptive algorithms dynamically switch… More

Toyon proposes to develop a high-integrity navigation system for SWAP-constrained platforms that provides improved electronic protection against broadband and narrowband jammers, as well as repeaters, spoofers, and multipath using a small-aperture antenna. The navigation performance of the system is… More

ABSTRACT: Bio-signature is a new area of research that may be used for tracking and identification (ID) of dismounts through remote sensing. Typical''cooperative''bio-signatures (e.g. fingerprints, retinal scans) require that an individual agreeably come in contact with a… More

ABSTRACT: Toyon Research Corporation"s 8"Phase I controlled reception pattern array (CRPA) is matched across the entire upper and lower frequency bands of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The array consists of one centrally located element and six tilted surrounding… More

Toyon proposes to develop adversarial target prediction algorithms and a mission execution framework that supports collaborative teaming of airborne and ground-based Unmanned Systems (UMS) to enable tracking and surveillance of evasive targets. The proposed AVERT system will include automatic video… More

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become a key component in the Army's intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) infrastructure. Small, hand-launchable UAVs in particular are a key component as they allow individual units to gather critical information from safe operational… More

Many Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) systems involve combining track data from multiple sources, leading to an improved track picture. A multitude of track fusion algorithms exist, some of which require significant computational resources and have difficulty running in real-time… More

In Phase II, Toyon Research Corp. proposes to perform research and development of an EO-IR Multi-Sensor Fusion Tracker prototype which can be used to aid in exploitation of airborne co-boresighted multi-sensor EO-IR video. Proposed work includes development of algorithms and real-time software… More

The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program has need of a programmable and extensible wireless channel impairment emulator accommodating networks of 8 to 100 radio nodes operating in a frequency range of 2 MHz to 2 GHz. The emulator should be high fidelity, broadband, have good delay and… More

In Phase II, we propose to develop an image processing toolkit (iPTK) which can be integrated into the MDA staring and scanning optical surveillance suites to provide significantly-improved capabilities for finding, fixing, and tracking multiple ballistic and flying low observable objects in highly… More

For more than a decade there has been interest in behavioral language entry and translation to hardware description languages (HDL) for field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This has culminated in a wide array of electronic design automated (EDA) tools that can translate high level languages, such… More

Current approaches for protecting military facilities and personnel from biological threats principally involve installations of particulate filtration for fixed facilities or individual protection equipment (IPE). This project intends to develop a system that is rapidly deployable, but provides a… More

Toyon has teamed with two utilities to survey the use of civilian GPS receivers in the energy and communication sectors, and to determine their vulnerabilities to intentional interference, including narrowband and wideband jamming, spoofers, repeaters, and RF-based 'software attacks.' As part of… More