This study will determine cloud properties from landsat 4 thematic mapper (tm) data by combining a spatial coherence approach with a variety of cloud parameter retrieval methods. the tm has seven spectral bands which, in principle, allow cloud amount, height, phase, and thickness to be retrieved.… More

A research program to provide simulation models applicable to the design specification of a microwave moisture sounder operating at 183 ghz is described. the design specification process consists of instrument response simulation, sensitivity analyses, and moisture retrieval performance assessment.… More

We propose here to obtain fully three-dimensional fields of temperature from observed satellite radiances by using variational methods which generalize wahba and wendelberger (1980). we recognize from the start that radiances or the equivalent brightness temperatures are only proxy data for… More

A six-month research program is described to develop ways tocompare concurrent data samples from a variety of imaging sensor systems (both visible and thermal infared spectral bands) in order to abet cloud analysis and interpretation. sensors of interest include the dmsp ols, noaa avhrr, goes vissr,… More

Aer proposes to develop a new concept in providing weather \forecasting for industry, made possible by the decreasing costs of powerful computers. improved short-range forecasts would be obtained by running a model on the user's computer. the model would access the forecasts of the national… More

We propose to investigate the potential of the unique scribe high resolution atmospheric emission spectra and its diurnal variation in several applications. we will validate the spectra by comparison with calculated reference synthetic spectra and with other synthetic spectra. we will check to see… More

The proposed study will determine cloud properties from simulated multispectral dmsp ols data by combining a scene model approach with a variety of cloud parameter retrieval methods. the multispectral ols data will be created by resampling landsat thematic mapper spatially and spectrally. the… More

In the last two years, there have been increasing concerns about the potentially large cooling of the land surface temperature resulting from the soot and dust injected into the atmosphere by the explosions and secondary fires from nuclear exchanges, the so-called "nuclear winter" scenarios. here we… More

We propose the development of global spectral numerical weather prediction (nwp) models specially designed to take advantage of multiprocessing computers. several candidate algorithms will be designed and analyzed. the best designs will be coded and tested in a simulated multiprocessor. this study… More

The ability to infer cloud top elevations and cloud motion from satellite observations is crucial for the development of atmospheric monitoring systems. the improved accuracy and sensitivity of the new generation of goes-next satellites will enable routine threedimensional cloud cover analysis over… More

There is a need for improving the forecasting of local weather elements such as precipitation, surface temperature,etc. current forecasts are made by a statistical adaptationof large scale numerical forecasts. we propose to use, instead, a model that computes the physical processes that locally… More

Increases in information bandwidth using communication channels of fixed physical bandwidth are made possible by eliminating redundant information in the information stream using data compression-decompression algorithms. images--especially multispectral or color images--put the greatest strain on… More

We propose a unified retrieval system for atmospheric meteorological parameters applicable to the analysis of sensor payload data sets of the defense meteorological satellite program (dmsp) spacecraft. the approach provides an efficient, self-consistent data fusion technique to provide desired… More

We propose an innovative approach for the retrieval of arbitrary atmospheric path variables from radiometric data. specifically, we will extend our current approach to the characterization of thermodynamic path variables including temperature, density and the concentrations of relevant absorbing… More

1 We propose to develop and test a prototype algorithm to quantitiatively measure visibility over high albado surface such as land. The computer code will be based on the technique of analyzing the two dimesional spatial frequency power spactrum obtained from subregions of high resolution visible… More

Operational approaches for the retrieval of temperature and moisture profiles from dmsp microwave and millimeter wave sounder data are based on exploitation of the spectral information content of the data alone. regression retrievals are constrained to a solution space defined by the climatological… More

The problem of developing computer-efficient thermospheric density models is addressed, and design investigations for improving the accuracy and speed of satellite orbital predictions in low earth orbit are proposed. early computer models of the atmosphere were derived using quasi-static diffusion… More

This study proposes the development of an infrared all sky imager to provide accurate cloud property information with high spatial and temporal resolution. Infrared detection provides both day and night capabilities. An innovative aspect of the concept is exploitation of the information content of… More

We propose to apply artificial neural networks to the derivation of cloud motion vectors from satellite imagery. in phase i, we will concentrate on using a neural network in the first step in the derivatio of cloud motion vectors, the height assignment and target selection. the neural network… More

Marine storms strongly affect operations at sea, both DoD and commercial. The DMSP SSM/I clearly depicts certain features of marine storms. Improved depiction of these storms will aid nowcasting in support of execution.of operations at sea and fore- casting of the evolution of these storms in… More

The development of an Air Force Repair Tracking System (AF-RTS) is proposed for electronic circuit cards. AF-RTS will consist of an integration of several commercially available products as well as a DOD endorsed IEEE database standard (P1239) for representing maintenance and repair data. The… More

Radex, Inc. proposes to develop a comprehensive model of the influx of meteors and cosmic dust to the Earth's atmosphere which will be sufficiently general for use in visual and radar observations as well as for driving models of the ionospheric and neutral metal layers. The model will draw upon… More

Terrain data needs on the battlefield are generating greater military requirements for new, rapid feature mapping capabilities. Unfortunately, current methods are woefully inadequate to meet the needs of the modern digitized battlefield in which thecommander must have the ability to rapidly obtain… More

A core process for sensor performance prediction is the radiative transport algorithm used to convert the scene environmental characteristics into radiance. Numeric approximations are often used to enhance execution time at the expense of overall radiometric accuracy. However, many radiative… More

This effort will characterize the spatial structure and real world features of stressing atmospheric phenomena and develop techniques to efficiently represent these phenomena in optical/infrared background models. Our approach to this problem involves locating and identifying stressing… More

DTRA uses high-resolution mesoscale forecasts to drive HPAC, the DTRA dispersion modeling tool that generates critical forecasts of dosage resulting from releases of chemical, biological, or radiological agents. HPAC is designed to provide probablistic information based on estimates of… More

This effort will characterize the real world features and spatial structure of stressing atmospheric phenomena and demonstrate the feasibility of forecasting such phenomena using data-driven infrared background models. Our approach to this problem involves locating and identifying stressing… More

Infrared sensors play an important role in missile defense systems, and continued improvement in their performance is critical as adversary payloads become smaller, cooler, and dimmer. While there can be no substitute for in-situ performance testing, the risks, cost, and development time for future… More

This effort to nowcast and forecast the Battlespace environment will predict the real world occurrence and structure of stressing atmospheric phenomena by developing a prototype tool and operational concept that demonstrate forecasting capability and accuracy improvements. Our approach to this… More

The two primary motivations for this work are: First, to provide forecasts of dispersion of a hazardous release and associated uncertainty (or "error bars") based on the available ensemble MET data. Second, to provide an efficient and user-friendly tool for decision makers supporting both… More

We propose a Phase I SBIR project to define a forecast system to predict lower stratospheric and upper tropospheric optical turbulence. The application will be designed to be implemented within the Airborne Laser Atmospheric Decision Aid (ADA). The application will utilize as input data from the Air… More

Current and future operational needs of the Navy require the capability to combine very large and disparate datasets with dynamical ocean numerical models to produce, in real time, accurate analyses and forecasts together with respective uncertainty estimates for any littoral region of the globe. … More

A system is proposed for real-time specification of the Battlespace Environment and integrated sensor management designed to optimize the joint operational capabilities of radio-frequency (RF), electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) sensors in the detection, tracking, surveillance, characterization… More

The complexity of Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (ATD) modeling requires physically consistent weather data evolving in both space and time. Spatially and/or temporally averaged data found in climatological products is not suitable for ATD modeling. The proposed solution for providing… More

Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. proposes to develop a prototype threat-reduction system for the dispersion of a weapons-of-mass destruction warhead in the upper atmosphere. Our system will extend current DTRA atmospheric transport and dispersion capabilities into the 20-120 km altitude… More

While individual instances of Chemical/Biological (CB) detection sensor technology development have progressed steadily, deficiencies remain. An integrated multi-sensor network for CB detection is a promising concept for improving performance. New development is needed to address the complex… More

Defense of U.S. space assets depends on the successful detection and monitoring of potential threats, including the ability to recognize abnormal spacecraft activities. Although work has been done in this area using resolved images from ground- and space-based sensors, methodologies to characterize… More

A system is proposed for real-time specification of the Battlespace Environment and integrated sensor management designed to optimize the joint operational capabilities of radio-frequency (RF), electro-optical (EO) and infrared (IR) sensors in the detection, tracking, surveillance, and… More

The complexity of Atmospheric Transport and Dispersion (ATD) modeling requires physically consistent weather data evolving in both space and time. Spatially and/or temporally averaged data found in climatological products is not suitable for ATD modeling. The proposed solution for providing "typical… More

Accurate forecasts of infrared satellite imagery are needed to optimize tasking of valuable and limited space borne surveillance assets. Atmospheric constituents such as clouds, aerosols, and water vapor can negatively impact the ability of IR surveillance systems to monitor activities on the… More

Current and future operational needs of the Navy require the capability to combine very large and disparate datasets with dynamical ocean numerical models to produce, in real time, accurate analyses and forecasts together with respective uncertainty estimates for any littoral region of the globe. … More