A variety of different approaches are being taken to increase the sped and decreasing the speed and decrease the cost of dna sequencing. one of the major current sequencing technologies is the dideoxynucleotide chain-terminating approach originally developed by sanger. we will use a variant of this… More

The goal of this project is to develop a ribonuclease protection/mismatch assay, which will allow the detection of essentially all single-base mutations. such an assay would provide an inexpensive and widely applicable method for screening for genetic diseases, detecting mutations in oncogenes and… More

Nucleic acid hybridization reactions are at the heart of a number of powerful assays used in molecular biology research and increasingly in diagnostic applications. Hybridization reactions typically require long incubation times, i. e. overnight. Recent work has demonstrated that a ribonucleoprotein… More

Nonisotopic calorimetric and chemiluminescent technologies will be developed for use withribonuclease protection assays. The ribonuclease protection assay is an increasingly utilized techniquein molecular biology affording sensitive and quantitative measurement of mRNA levels. The ability ofthe… More

Not Available A low cost, high energy density, pressure tolerant lithium-ion battery system is proposed based on doped Mn-based cathode material and low cost domestic graphite in 1M LiPF6 electrolyte with ternary carbonate-based organic solvents. A specialized cell design to limit and manage the… More

Not Available In the proposed program, we will create a Mask Optical Model algorithm set and a Design Aid interface that will predict the effect of varying mask parameters on the effectiveness of external optical weapons sighting systems. The design aid will be used by designers of chemical and… More

Not Available Advanced ceramic-based composite heat exchanger has the potential to reduce weight, improve ECS performance, increase aircraft payload, and decrease life-cycle cost. Allcomp has assembled a strong and experienced team to address all relevant issues to design and produce a functional… More

DESCRIPTION: A need currently exists for methods to quantitatively purify RNA from small-scale samples (1-10,000 cells and tissue amounts ranging from 0.05 - 5 mg). Recent technical advances in the ability to microdissect individual cell types by laser capture from thin tissue… More

APPLICANT'S DESCRIPTION: Evaluating gene expression levels is crucial for understanding cancer biology and identifying prognostic indicators of cancer. A need exists for a mRNA quantification assay that combines superior sensitivity with the simplicity and versatility that are not available from… More

The overall goal is to develop single step assay in which a single reagent is added to cells and then used directly for the detection of a specific RNA sequence. The main challenge will be to develop a reagent that is compatible with whole blood. This technology will be especially useful for high… More

Ambion, Inc. proposes to develop methods and reagents that will make it possible to compare the expression profiles of small RNA samples (

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): RNA interference is a new and powerful research tool that can be used to down regulate or knock out a specific gene or genes in a variety of cell types and organisms. Currently this technology is being used to study gene function, but may one day be used for… More

Ambion, Inc. proposes to adapt its Comparative RT-PCR procedure to accommodate the comparative analysis of single transcripts across one hundred RNA samples. The proposed procedure involves reverse transcribing a collection of RNA samples using primers with identical anchored oligodT and PCR primer… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Probably the most versatile assay for genomic scale research is the high-density microarray. Microarray analysis has the potential for uncovering the complex behavior of gene expression. Microarray trends are becoming established which includes higher throughput… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Intact RNA is an obligate starting material for expression profiling technologies that can link specific molecular events with disease phenotypes. RNA isolations from tissue currently require invasive mechanical force to disrupt the cellular architecture. Such… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this proposal is to develop a powerful in vitro protein engineering platform that will allow selection or screening of very large numbers of protein variants that is at least 100 -1000 times more cost effective than current 96 well plate… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Probably the most versatile assay for genomic scale research is the high-density microarray. Microarray analysis has the potential for uncovering the complex behavior of gene expression. Microarray trends are becoming established which includes higher throughput… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal is to develop a "Cells-to-Signal" assay in which a single reagent is added to cells and then used directly for the detection of a specific RNA sequence. The Cells-to-Signal assay will be especially useful by pharmaceutical companies in drug… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal is to develop a "Cells-to-Signal" assay in which a single reagent is added to cells and then used directly for the detection of a specific RNA sequence. The Cells-to-Signal assay will be especially useful by pharmaceutical companies in drug… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One objective of the proposal is to develop a product line that will consist of amplified RNA (aRNA) derived from pure populations of cells from various regions of mouse brain. The target cells will be selected by Laser Capture Micro-dissection (LCM). The… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research will enable mammalian cells to be used in mutation/selection experiments to identify genes involved in cellular processes. The objective of the proposal is to develop procedures for preparing siRNA libraries using genomic DNA and cDNA… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): One objective of the proposal is to develop a product line that will consist of amplified RNA (aRNA) derived from pure populations of cells from various regions of mouse brain. The target cells will be selected by Laser Capture Micro-dissection (LCM). The… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The revolution in microbial genome sequencing will have a major impact on our understanding, prevention, and treatment of infectious diseases. The advent of DNA array technology has made it possible to evaluate complete gene expression patterns for bacterial… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the past several years, a significant need has arisen to analyze bacterial gene expression following interactions with host cells in vivo. In vivo whole genome expression analyses are seen as crucial for identifying novel bacterial targets for therapeutic… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MicroRNAs are small, 19-25mer RNAs that are encoded in the genomes of upper eukaryotes. MicroRNAs appear to regulate global gene expression by modulating the translation of mRNAs transcribed from key genes. Although the research field is still young, microRNAs… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this proposal is to develop methods for the cost-effective, large-scale synthesis (up to kilograms amounts) of capped RNA. Companies such as Wyeth Vaccines, AlphaVax and Merix Biosciences are using capped RNA to produce human vaccines… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal is to develop a robust procedure for extracting RNA from tissues that have been fixed in formaldehyde, either neutral buffered formalin or buffered paraformaldehyde. Clinically interesting tissue from biopsies and necropsies is routinely archived… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Microarrays are powerful tools that can impact new diagnostic procedures and expedite the drug development process. A significant but largely unrealized application is gene expression analysis from RNAlimited samples, such as blood, needle biopsies, laser capture… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this proposal is to develop rapid, high-throughput methods to quantify the levels of small RNA molecules such as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in biological samples. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Phase II proposal aims to simplify, expedite, and stabilize the recovery of high quality RNA from tissue samples. In Phase I, we demonstrated the feasibility of a hands-off, closed tube tissue disruption method termed "MELT" (Multi-Enzymatic Liquefaction… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective of this proposal is to develop methods for the cost-effective, large-scale synthesis (up to kilograms amounts) of capped, polyadenylated RNA. Several companies are using capped RNA to produce human vaccines against cancers and infectious… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of this proposal are to permit the isolation of RNA from fixed and imbedded tissues for gene expression analysis. The widespread use of tissue fixation and embedding in both clinical and research settings has resulted in the accumulation… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Accurate differentiation of fusion transcripts derived from chromosome translocations is of critical importance for optimizing treatment strategies for leukemia. However, as the number of leukemia associated translocations is steadily increasing, single-tube,… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Archives of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) human histological tissue samples, probably numbering in the millions of tissue blocks, constitute a tremendous, yet underutilized, historical resource for studying gene expression changes associated with human… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically degrades target complementary mRNAs in cells. The vector system that controls the expression of siRNAs has been widely used for academic research and clinical therapy. Although Pol III promoters are used to express small… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): RNA molecules known as microRNA (miRNA) can influence the expression of target genes. It is thought that mammalian miRNA change the expression of their targets protein while leaving the expression of the cognate mRNA unmodified. These non-protein-encoding… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a significant new class of biomolecules with potential to enhance human health. In the last three years, miRNA publications have increased exponentially as researchers have discovered the potential importance of these small RNAs in human… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Leukemia is a set of blood cancer characterized by the uncontrolled growth of developing white blood cells. The accumulation of cancerous cells interferes with the body's production of healthy blood cells therefore impairing immune response to infection.… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective for our proposed research is to use the emerging field of miRNA research to identify therapeutic targets for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous disorder of the hematopoietic stem cells that is… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cervical cancer, caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), is a major public health problem, worldwide. About 230,000 women die of cervical cancer every year, the majority in developing countries. Although early detection via routine cytological screenings (Pap… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Tissue microarray (TMA) techniques involve arraying cylindrical tissue cores from different specimens on a single slide. TMA's are widely used to identify mRNA or protein markers in human diseases to provide valuable information for the mechanisms of human… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During Phase I of our proposed research, we will develop and validate procedures for recovering, labeling, and analyzing miRNAs from fixed tissue samples. The procedures will be based on the miRNA microarray and fixed tissue RNA isolation systems that we… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this phase I application is to establish feasibility for a quantitative molecular diagnostics technology based on the detection of microRNA (miRNA) using readily available clinical samples. Molecular diagnos tics assays offer the potential for more… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective for this project is to develop a diagnostic assay for rapid detection of major mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), non-BCR/ABL chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and myeloproli ferative disorders (MPDs). We propose to… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lymph node evaluation is an important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) because accurate identification of lymph node metastases significantly influences survival. However, a 30% recurrence rate in patients w ith node-negative CRC clearly indicates… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): During Phase I of our proposed research, we will develop and validate procedures for recovering, labeling, and analyzing miRNAs from fixed tissue samples. The procedures will be based on the miRNA microarray and fix ed tissue RNA isolation systems that we… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Prostate cancer (PrCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men, with over 218,000 new cases diagnosed each year. It is second only to lung cancer in cancer mortality among men, and approximately 1 man in 5 will be diagnosed during his lifetime.… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this proposal is to develop and implement an integrated suite of technologies for enabling microarray-based diagnostic assays and the cGMP manufacturing processes and procedures necessary to manufact ure these products. Microarrays have found… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a proposal to develop a cGMP-manufactured RNA labeling kit suitable for clinical diagnostic assays and research applications that require multiplex RNA detection. The kit's target preparation technology will en able accurate and reproducible profiling of… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), is the most common form of inherited mental retardation, affecting 1 in 4000 males and about 1 in 6000 females of all ethnicities. Additionally, carrier frequencies are quite high. About 1 in 250 females carry Fragile X and about 1 in… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective for this project is to develop and implement a comprehensive set of technologies to improve screening and diagnosis of conditions associated with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is caused by an expa nsion of a cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG)… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malignant melanoma is the least frequent but the most aggressive and deadliest form of skin cancer. Early detection and accurate staging are therefore crucial to ensure timely intervention and a good prognosis. Our long -term goal is to develop a microRNA (miRNA)… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the United States, lung cancer has the highest incidence and the highest mortality rate of all cancers. An estimated 215,020 new cases of lung cancer and an estimated 161,840 deaths from lung cancer will occur in the United States during 2008. This high… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of clinically relevant genetic abnormalities in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic myel ogenous leukemia (CML), and… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall goal of this proposal is to develop and implement an integrated suite of technologies for enabling microarray-based diagnostic assays and the cGMP manufacturing processes and procedures necessary to manufact ure these products. Microarrays have found… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The current primary form of treatment for all stages of colon cancer is surgical resection, with overall survival rates depending upon whether the cancer recurs and metastasizes. The likelihood of recurrence is directly related to the stage of cancer, which is… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this project is to develop a comprehensive set of assays to improve screening and prediction of conditions associated with fragile X syndrome (FXS). FXS, which affects approximately 1/4000 men and 1/600 0 women, is caused by an expansion of a… More

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall objective for this project is to develop and implement a comprehensive set of technologies to improve screening and diagnosis of conditions associated with Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). FXS is caused by an e xpansion of a cytosine-guanine-guanine… More