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Lithium ion batteries are one of the most energy dense electrochemical energy storage systems currently available. The market for secondary batteries has been revolutionized by this battery system. Since its introduction in 1991, Li-ion battery chemistry has changed little, but now requires substantial improvements to if this system is to realize its full potential in the future as the premier portable energy storage system. One major improvement that needs to be addressed is the current highly flammable electrolyte. New approaches are needed to identify a nonflammable electrolyte that will improve the safety of this system which has become a major issue in the long term proliferation of Li-ion batteries in the consumer and aerospace markets.