Description:
Novel treatment technologies that ideally are cost effective, energy efficient, do not require intensive maintenance or operational capacity, and could be implemented at small systems including at the decentralized/modular scale. There is specific interest in technologies that 1) do not generate a brine concentrate stream, 2) minimize the generation of a concentrate stream while resulting in a product water that properly removes or inactivates, salts, chemicals, and pathogens or 3) support beneficial reuse of brine concentrate. For concentrate forming technologies such as high-pressure membranes, they should produce less concentrate, manage concentrate better than or improve de-watering of concentrate over currently used technologies. Additional areas of interest include, but are not limited to, membranes that are more resistant to fouling.
