Award Data

There is an increasing need to understand the impacts particles emitted by both natural and human activities have on cloud properties, precipitation and climate. DOE has identified a need to improve the measurement capability of observational platforms, particularly in the Arctic region. One barrier to progress in understanding the interactions of particles and clouds and the importance of cloud c ...

Transmission electron microscopy is one of the primary tools for biological and materials characterization and has many important research applications. However, there is an overarching need to simultaneously improve both its spatial and temporal resolutions, beyond currently available technology, to study physical processes near atomic scales. Technical Approach RadiaBeam Technologies and UCLA pr ...

As the world population increases and global GDP rises, the demand for energy is projected to increase dramatically. Fossil fuels are currently a leading energy source, approximately 50% of which is imported from foreign sources. A domestically produced, renewable energy source is needed to ensure the energy security of the United States. One source of domestic potential energy currently under- ...

Organic chemicals comprise the dominant fraction of particulates found in atmospheric aerosols, and the largest proportions of these are secondary products formed in the atmosphere from oxidation of volatile organic compounds. Often these chemical transformations result from complex pathways involving species from different sources. To understand these processes, we need to be able to trace the ...

Due to enormous growth of Internet tra c, the scale and responsiveness required for delivering applications to end users can be cost-e ectively achieved by the increased adoption of cloud-based, virtualized services built by widespread use of compute, storage, and network virtualization. Therefore, IT infrastructures of enterprises, R&E networks (e.g., DOE ESnet), and commercial network operators ...

In modern telecommunications and data network infrastructure, optical interconnects are essential to achieve ever increasing data rates. Likewise, high-performance computing (HPC) and data centers are increasingly implementing optical fiber as the preferred interconnect media. Fiber to the premises (FTTP) dramatically increases the connection speeds available to computer users compared with copper ...

Statement of the problem addressed by proposal: Freedom Photonics proposes to develop custom Photonic ICs to allow for dynamic optical packet-switched Tbps optical networks for supercomputers, LAN or data center applications. General statement of how this problem is being addressed: The problem is being addressed through fast-tunable transmitters and optical burst mode receivers. What is to be don ...

State of the problem or situation that is being addressed: Optical modulators are critical components for both optical communications and on-chip optical interconnects. Semiconductor modulators have been heavily researched over the past few years. However, they have a large device footprint, slow switching time, and narrow operating bandwidth. Recently, as a candidate material for novel optical mo ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is Being Addressed: The Xeon Phi many-core processor holds great promise for enabling high performance computation on workstations and small clusters, which could accelerate the adoption of HPC modeling and simulation by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing and engineering. An easy-to-use and robust tool chain for understanding, po ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is Being Addressed: The ARM microprocessor architecture, commonly used in cell phones and tablets, is poised to be a key technology for energy-efficient high performance computing. An easy-to-use and robust tool chain for understanding, porting and refactoring existing HPC codes is essential to unlocking the full potential of ARM in the HPC realm. General ...