Award Data

Atmospheric aerosols, also known as particulate matter (PM), play important roles in weather, climate and human health. Aerosol number, size and chemistry can all exhibit high degrees of spatial and temporal variability, thereby increasing the need for highly time-resolved analyses obtained over extensive time periods (weeks to years). Instrumentation for monitoring the physical characteristics of ...

Polyurethanes (PUs) are made by reacting two components, one of which has two or more hydroxyl (OH) groups (diol or polyol) while the second has two or more isocyanate (NCO) groups. Unfortunately, not only is the isocyanate component a powerful irritant, but sensitized subjects can suffer severe asthma attacks and even death when exposed to trace quantities that are well below permissible exposure ...

Small drinking water systems consistently provide safe, reliable drinking water to their customers. However, challenges of such systems include lack of financial resources, aging infrastructure, cost of scale, and technical/logistical challenges associated with regulation compliance. The deployment of new cost-effective monitoring technologies, such as improved, low cost, in-line, in situ, and rem ...

THE PRODUCTION OF HALOGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (HOCS) AND OF CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS (CFCS), IN THE UNITED STATES, PRODUCES ABOUT 200 MILLION POUNDS OF REFRACTORY, HAZARDOUS WASTE PER YEAR. DUE TO ITS LOW FUEL VALUE, CORROSIVITY, ANDHAZARDOUS METALS CONTENT, THE WASTE IS POORLY SUITED FOR DISPOSAL BY INCINERATION AND IS BANNED FROM DISOSAL IN LANDFILLS. PREVIOUS HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL RESEARCH, SPO ...

THE TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES OF THIS PROPOSAL ARE ORIENTED TOWARD THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL SURFACTANT FLUSHING AND WASHING AS A LOW-COST, LOW-IMPACT, LOW-RISK, EFFECTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR THE REMOVAL AND ULTIMATE DESTRUCTION OF THE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN SOIL. THESE OBJECTIVES ARE: DEMONSTRATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AN IONIC SURFACTANT SOLUTION AT CONCENTRATIONS ABOVE THE CRITICAL MICELLE CONCENTRATION ...

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CURRENT METAL CUTTING AND FINISHING OPERATIONS USE SKIMMING AND FILTRATION TO TRY TO SEPARATE WASTES FROM THEIR WATER BASED CUTTING FLUIDS. THE RESIDUAL LIQUID FROM THE FILTRATION CONSISTS OF ULTRAFINE METAL PARTICLES CONTAINING HAZARDOUS HEAVY METALS LIKE LEAD, ZINC, AND CADMIUM AND A TIGHTLY EMULSIFIED OIL-IN-WATER PHASE. THIS SLUDGE IS NOT AMENABLE TO FURTHER TREATMENT AND MUST BE HAULED OFF AS ...