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The proposed activities focus on the development of an innovative compact high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) device- Specifically, this NMR device will be capable of rural and autonomous operation and become the first lab to field survey instrument for high-resolution characterization of biological processes in living organisms- The high-resolution NMR will feature advanced supercond ...

The next generation of X-ray free-electron lasers will provide temporally coherent light using a variety of schemes, several of which rely on multi-pass oscillator configurations- Accurately modeling these systems over thousands of passes is computationally expensive- Faster methods for accurately modeling the free-electron laser amplifier and X-ray optics will allow more efficient design studies ...

Next-generation light sources will rely on tightly arranged sequences of high-field magnets to reach ambitious beam parameters and brightness- Codes available for 3-D modeling and design of electromagnet systems are inadequate for capturing the overlapping fields from these dense arrays of magnets- Moreover, these codes suffer from poor parallel performance, leading to long turn-around times, whic ...

Rare earth metals are valued for their unique magnetic, optical and catalyst properties- These materials are used in many clean energy technologies including wind turbines, electric vehicles, photovoltaic thin films and fluorescent lighting- Coal and coal ash are potentially economical sources of REE and many studies of REE concentrations in these materials have been reported- In both mining and r ...

The Department of Energy is soliciting advancements in low cost and light weight cooling systems for on-detector nuclear electronics- Required technical performance needs of these thermal management systems include a minimal material budget that minimizes radiation adsorption and a minimal temperature difference between the heat source and heat sink- Advanced electronics and power supplies in nucl ...

One of the key research activities recommended in a recent DOE development roadmap for molten salt reactor (MSR) chemistry is to improve the knowledge base concerning interfacial interactions between molten salts and other materials- The development of in situ salt composition monitoring by spectroscopic techniques is a key step in studying the chemical interactions between molten salts and other ...

Fossil energy (FE)‐based systems are able to achieve higherefficiencies, lower emissions, and improved reliability and availability (lower total operating costs), through advanced controls enabled by real‐time sensor measurements and data processing- Within turbines, the monitoring of high speed pressure fluctuations within compressor and combustionsections can be used as part of active contro ...

Fuel cells can efficiently convert chemical energy into electricity through electrochemical reactions- They are often considered as the ideal power source for both mobile and stationary applications due to their high-energy efficiency, high power density and low/zero emissions- However, the widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells is still hindered by the high ...

Aromatic chemicals such as benzene and toluene have traditionally been derived from petroleum- However, shale gas offers a new, large and inexpensive feedstock- Therefore, a more efficient process is needed to convert the United States’ abundance of cheap, but often remotely located natural gas (primarily methane obtained from hydro-fractured shale formations) into more transportable and valuabl ...

Fine coal is a coal waste generated by washing the coal at the mines, and contains as much as 80 wt% water- Due to the lack of cost effective approaches to remove the water from fine coal before feeding into a conventional boiler, the coal producers often choose to discard the fine coal- There are already approximately 2 billion tons of fine coal in abandoned ponds and 500~800 million tons in acti ...