Award Data

SixPoint Materials will create low-cost, high-quality vertical gallium nitride (GaN) substrates using a multi-phase production approach that employs both hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) technology and ammonothermal growth techniques to lower costs and maintain crystal quality. Substrates are thin wafers of semiconducting material needed for power devices. In its two-phase project, SixPoint Mate ...

The rate of climate change in the Arctic is larger than elsewhere on Earth. The Arctic has unique and complex couplings and feedbacks between the surface and the atmosphere that in turn modify the radiative balance there differently than elsewhere. Current understanding holds that an increase in downwelling long wave radiative flux, driven by increased water vapor and clouds, may be accelerating c ...

Generating and screening multiple combinations of genes, enzymes, and other biological parts has become vital to next generation biofuel development and production. This currently requires large personnel costs and sizeable capital investments in robotics equipment. Commercial adoption of the synthetic biology technology will require high throughput capabilities, low cost, product reliability, and ...

Development of new instrumentation for measuring volatile organic compounds (VOC) and intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOC) that may react to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA) has been identified as a vital need by DOE. Revealing the detailed mechanisms leading to SOA formation from gas phase precursors is best achieved by measuring both phases with sufficient temporal resolution to ...

Adding thermal insulation to existing building envelopes can be an effective way of reducing building energy use. While most thermal insulation materials are affordable, the cost of installing thermal insulation into existing buildings can be expensive. Real facades are also characterized by many unique elements that affect their rated thermal performance, such as corners, windows, d ...

The reaction catalyzed by dihydroxyacid dehydratase is a key bottleneck in the biosynthesis of isobutanol from glucose, caused in part by extremely inefficient maturation of the catalytically essential Fe-S cofactor (~1%) when the dehydratase is recombinantly expressed. One strategy to relieve this bottleneck is to replace this complicated, energetically expensive enzyme with a simpler one that us ...

The next generation of particle accelerators, including a proposed LHC upgrade, will move to higher energy and luminosity in order to continue the exploration beyond the limits of the present LHC. This will require new technologyin particular, higher field (20T or more) dipoles as well as better interaction-region quadrupoles to focus the beams at the collision points. This proposal seeks to add ...

The Department of Energy (DOE) seeks useful methods of generating intense beams of reaccelerated rare isotopes for the next-generation Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which is currently under construction at Michigan State University. Stopping high-energy, heavy- ion reaction products in fast-release solid catchers is an important method to be developed for realizing intense beams of short ...

Access to clean water is a global problem that has led to the development of multiple desalination techniques. All techniques strive to reduce the cost of desalinating water to provide clean water in a cost effective manner. Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a new technique that can reduce the cost of ownership by ~85% compared with reverse osmosis for brackish water. This project will further im ...

Replacement of petroleum based vehicles with fuel cell electric vehicles operating on hydrogen produced from domestically available resources would dramatically decrease emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants as well as reduce dependence on oil from politically volatile regions of the world. One major inhibitor to a hydrogen society is the lack of infrastructure, which requires hydroge ...