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DESCRIPTION provided by applicant MicroRNAs miRNAs are involved in many diverse biological processes and a single miRNA can modulate the expression of hundreds of gene targets Changes in miRNA expression could have profound biological impacts leading to a variety of human diseases To date most miRNA expression profiling studies have relied on microarrays or high throughput RNA sequencing ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant RNA interference RNAi is a small RNA guided gene silencing process within living cells The RNAi technique is widely used in both biological research and clinical applications because it has the ability to knockdown essentially any gene of interest However one major unresolved issue in RNAi studies is non specific gene silencing It is well known that in ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant This proposal will assess the quantitative capabilities of surface enhanced Raman scattering SERS detection of cocaine and marijuana metabolites in urine samples Combining low cost instrumentation and novel chemical sensing provides an innovative new approach for diagnosing illicit drug use Current methods use a colorimetric indicator to screen specimens fo ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Celiac disease CD is the most common food sensitive enteropathy known affecting approximately of the population and its incidence appears to be on the rise In addition non celiac gluten sensitivity GS has recently been revealed to be a distinct condition that affects a growing number of individuals Both of these conditions are triggered by gluten a ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant There is societal need for new therapeutic agents in our arsenal of defenses against bacterial and fungal pathogens many of which are increasingly resistant to existing antibiotics Filamentous fungi are considered promising resources for the development of novel bioactive compounds because of their great potential to produce various kinds of secondary metabol ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Air quality affects the health and well being of each of us especially those with chronic respiratory diseases Acute exposure to fatal levels of hazard materials causes millions of accidents every year and unnoticed long term exposure to lower levels of chemicals affect far more people Various technologies have been developed to monitor air quality but no ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Type diabetes is an immune mediated disease in which insulin producing beta cells are destroyed resulting in life long dependence on exogenous insulin The number of patients being diagnosed is increasing each year particularly in the very young Despite advances in glucose monitoring and insulin delivery there is a compelling need to identify therapies th ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Colorectal cancer CRC is the second most common cause of cancer death in the US causing more than deaths each year Unfortunately African Americans AAs experience disproportionate incidence and mortality rates of CRC across all races in the US due to a complex interplay of economic social and cultural factors AAandapos s higher incidence lower r ...

DESCRIPTION provided by applicant Despite evidence that inflammatory mechanisms initiate and complicate pathophysiology in pulmonary arterial hypertension PAH no strategies have been developed to target the inflammatory cells involved Moreover it has been known for years that autoimmune diseases are associated with certain forms of PAH Hence novel therapy is urgently needed to attenuate ...