Award Data

Next generation network applications will require high, dynamically-stable transport throughputs at the application level, in order to support such tasks as computational monitoring and steering on supercomputers, massive wide-area data transfers between storage systems, and remote instrument control. However, the current shared IP infrastructure is unsuited for providing the unimpeded stable ban ...

Semivolatile organic matter is pervasive in the atmosphere. Its effect on the radiation balance of the earth depends on how this material is partitioned between the vapor and particle phases. Yet, no currently available instrumentation provides simultaneous, quantitative measurement of semivolatile organic vapor and particle phases at the molecular level. Previous work involved the development ...

Scanning Probe Microscopy, SPM, is a strategically vital tool for nanotechnology research, a 250 million dollars per year industry essential to such multibillion-dollar downstream industries as materials and pharmaceuticals. However, the single biggest drawback to SPM is its inability to obtain any chemical information on its samples. This drawback impacts DOE researchers in the Genome to Life p ...

Many critically important biological processes ¿ such as oxygen production during photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, biogenic hydrogen production, and the evolution of the bioavailability of heavy metal contaminants ¿ are associated with changes in the oxidation state of metal ions. The most effective technique for studying the chemistry of these dilute systems is synchrotron-based, fluorescenc ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biologically and clinically relevant proteomics data can only be generated if organ or tissue samples investigated consist of homogeneous cell populations, in which no unwanted cells of different types and/or developmen t stages obscure the results. Thus, several tissue microdissection technologies have been developed to provide a rapid and straightforward meth ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Among the most undesirable sequelae of chemo- and radiotherapies for the treatment of cancer are bone marrow hypoplasia and pancytopenia. These can further lead to immunodeficiency, bleeding and hypoxia significantly i mpacting the morbidity of cancer patients. The discovery of growth factors that regulate hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferation led to th ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Close to 40% of US children are exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) in homes and up to 50% in cars, compromising the health and lives of millions of children. More effective, inexpensive, and accessible interventi ons are needed that impact parents' and caregivers' willingness and ability to institute smoking restrictions. We propose the development of an ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): GcFree, Inc. is founded on recent discoveries and patents about a sialic acid called Neu5Gc, which is present in large amounts on the surface of cells of most animals, but not humans. Potentially immunogenic Neu5Gc from exogenous sources (e.g., animal- derived reagents used for making biotherapeutic products) are taken up by human cells and expressed on their ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Persistent infections with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are a major public health concern in the United States today. While diagnostic tests exist to identify and quantify HCV infections, there is a great need for analytical methods that provide detailed information about the molecular nature of HCV infections. HCV infections are marked by considerable genetic dive ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our overall goal is to develop a novel computing solution for automatic and accurate registration (spatial alignment) of three-dimensional (3D) medical images of any modality and any anatomy (rigid or deformable) in 1 m inute. Such capability currently does not exist. Existing image registration solutions have limited accuracy and/or limited applicability, prev ...