Award Data

High Performance Computing technology has advanced significantly, and advanced parallel computers are being built, with DOE leadership. Yet, the American engineering and manufacturing industry has not started leveraging parallel computing at a significant level, partly because of the challenging nature of modern simulation software. US competitiveness in manufacturing may suffer due to its ineffe ...

The continuous push towards higher photon energies and higher imaging resolution has brought current state- of-theart X-ray focusing zone plates to a limit of 20 nm resolution at & lt;10 keV photon energies. Zone plates for focusing with same or better resolution at energies up to 25 keV are necessary for imaging and elemental analyses of multi-element samples, such as nano-composites, biological ...

Electrolyzer systems produce high value hydrogen on demand and on site, thus eliminating costly delivery and storage cylinders of hydrogen gas. The potential commercial market applications are projected to be in the $100 billion range by 2017 and are focused in the areas of industrial gas, transportation fueling, and backup power for renewable energy storage. However, the rate of growth of electro ...

A viable direct shale gas to fuels process could offer substantial energy savings with significantly reduced process complexity and capital intensity, and enable a gas-to-fuels route that will utilize the newly abundant supplies of relatively inexpensive unconventional shale gas, and is equally applicable to conventional gas and co-produced gas. This objective has faced the central challenge tha ...

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer exceptional promise for electrical power generation with reduced carbon footprint, but SOFC reliability must be improved for the technology to be widely commercialized. SOFCs utilize ferritic stainless steel sheets as interconnect plates between the fuel and air chambers. They are sealed using alkali earth containing silicate ...

Quantitative, real-time detection of hazardous metal ions on-site is an important goal and remains a significant challenge while monitoring sources such as potable, ground, surface and industrial waters. Quantitative analysis of trace elements is predominantly done by sending the samples to a laboratory for testing by sophisticated analytical techniques, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrom ...

Dielectric materials are ubiquitous in accelerator structures for discovery science, industrial and medical applications. Further use of dielectrics in advanced accelerators, such as the dielectric wake field accelerator, also promises improved performance and cost savings. But undesirable electrical charging and/or damage of the dielectrics sometimes impedes performance, indicating that systemat ...

High field magnets are needed for frontier accelerator facilities and have many applications beyond high-energy physics. Of particular interest are 30-40T class (LTS/HTS hybrid) solenoids required for the final beam cooling stages of a muon collider facility. The successful design of such magnets using Bi2212 conductor depends critically on the conductor processing, stress management in the coil, ...

Future particle physics experiments at the high-energy frontier, such as LHC, HL-LHC, ILC, CLIC or Multi-TeV Muon Collider, will all require silicon detectors capable of reconstructing charged particle trajectories with high accuracy in the presence of significant high occupancy. These experiments will impose stringent demands on the data links to transfer the data from the silicon detector to t ...

The capability of discharge-produced reactive oxygen species, in particular O2(a1), to effectively inactivate biological species has been empirically well-established. Disinfection and sterilization processes for instruments, surfaces, and wounds are essential in disease prevention to ensure destruction of microorganisms that can contaminate materials. Such microorganisms include spore-forming and ...