Award Data

Next generation network applications will require high, dynamically-stable transport throughputs at the application level, in order to support such tasks as computational monitoring and steering on supercomputers, massive wide-area data transfers between storage systems, and remote instrument control. However, the current shared IP infrastructure is unsuited for providing the unimpeded stable ban ...

Many industrial processes involve the transfer of heat from one medium to another. Thermal fluids and heat exchangers are often used as part of these processes. However, besides water or aqueous solutions, the other thermal fluids have thermal properties much lower than water, so larger heat exchangers or pumps are required. This project will develop a nanofluid with a nano-sized phase-change ...

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78329 Generation IV advanced reactors [such as the gas cooled fast reactor (GFR) and the Lead Cooled Reactor (LFR)], selected for development by the Gen IV International Forum, require core outlet temperatures up to 900¿C. Most metals, including refractory alloys, loose much of their strength at these temperatures, and cannot survive core overheating accidents should they occur. Monolithic cera ...

Asymmetric ultracapacitors achieve greater energy density versus today¿s Electric Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) by utilizing one activated carbon EDLC electrode and one insertion (battery-like) electrode. Asymmetric ultracapacitors based on non-aqueous electrolytes provide improvements in energy density but they provide no improvement in cost, safety or in environmental impact. Alternatively, aq ...

There are often major economic and logistical challenges in getting woody biomass out of the forest or off the farm in a manner, which justifies the costs of harvesting and transportation. Raw cellulosic biomass, woody or otherwise, is moist and bulky, which limits its cost-effective transport to ultimate users and leaves a lot of available biomass useless. In addition, many forests go without mec ...

Energy usage will continue to increase at a dramatic pace for the foreseeable future, endangering the security, economy, and environment of the nation. One means of meeting this challenge is the replacement of liquid transportation fuels based on petroleum with cellulosic bioethanol. However, cellulosic ethanol remains too costly to be commercially feasible, in part due to the generation of orga ...

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The Department of Energy¿s large research facilities need improved neutron detectors for thermal neutron instrumentation. Where large detector arrays are needed, single-wire overpressured 3He tube detectors are the detector of choice, because they are so cost effective. Though useful, current detectors do not meet the demands of current high intensity neutron sources, such as the Spallation N ...

Beam diagnostics capable of measuring the transverse and longitudinal phase space are needed for the diagnosis of the new generation of accelerators being developed for high energy physics and advanced light sources. These devices all employ highly relativistic, intense, high energy accelerators. Traditional devices used to map the beam phase space such as ¿pepper pot¿ collimators cannot be ...