Award Data

There is an increasing need to understand the impacts particles emitted by both natural and human activities have on cloud properties, precipitation and climate. DOE has identified a need to improve the measurement capability of observational platforms, particularly in the Arctic region. One barrier to progress in understanding the interactions of particles and clouds and the importance of cloud c ...

The increased accessibility via remote login, along with steadily growing numbers of HPC users and projects, poses a challenging question for HPC system management: How to secure HPC systems and protect the data inside these systems? There are several challenging issues that prevent the direct deployment of existing personal computer or cloud security tools in HPC systems: 1) The overhead introduc ...

Transmission electron microscopy is one of the primary tools for biological and materials characterization and has many important research applications. However, there is an overarching need to simultaneously improve both its spatial and temporal resolutions, beyond currently available technology, to study physical processes near atomic scales. Technical Approach RadiaBeam Technologies and UCLA pr ...

As the world population increases and global GDP rises, the demand for energy is projected to increase dramatically. Fossil fuels are currently a leading energy source, approximately 50% of which is imported from foreign sources. A domestically produced, renewable energy source is needed to ensure the energy security of the United States. One source of domestic potential energy currently under- ...

Organic chemicals comprise the dominant fraction of particulates found in atmospheric aerosols, and the largest proportions of these are secondary products formed in the atmosphere from oxidation of volatile organic compounds. Often these chemical transformations result from complex pathways involving species from different sources. To understand these processes, we need to be able to trace the ...

The near-field Campanile probe offer an unique solution to explore the behavior of matter at the nanometer scale by simultaneously imaging the physicochemical properties and the local morphology of materials. However, the fabrication of these revolutionary tips is complex and expensive with poor reproducibility, all of which prohibits any commercialization. Statement of How this Problem or Situati ...

Metrology is a multi-billion dollar industry that is an indispensable part of science and manufacturing. A variety of techniques including interferometric microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray, and atomic force microscopes (AFM) are used in X-ray mirror manufacturing. The performance of any tool directly depends on the ability to characterize and tune it ...

The problem/situation that is being addressed is the development and improvement of compact laser- driven x-ray sources for ultrafast characterization of interest to the DoE. While much progress has been made in the development of table-top x-ray sources, with high harmonic sources and atomic soft x-ray lasers presently allowing for a large number of experiments to be conducted in small laborator ...

The objective of the proposed project is to develop the next generation of the low cost, high energy and high power solid state rechargeable lithium battery using a low cost enabling solid state electrolyte and protected lithium metal electrode developed by University of California in San Diego for use in the plug-in hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle. The advantages of the proposed solid state ...

Lean-burn gasoline engines have difficulty reliably igniting fuel mixtures at sufficiently high air to fuel ratios. Common ignition systems are based on a spark gap driven by a pulse transformer ignition coil). Unfortunately, these systems have small plasma excitation areas, are slow, wear down the spark plug electrodes, and are not suitable for high pressure engines. The use of transient plasma i ...