Award Data

A new high-value product zero calorie sweetener L-arabinose has been identified because it may be produced from the D-xylose-rich aqueous biomass intermediate stream at low costs. L-arabinose is an FDA approved healthy sweetener with dual functions as a sucrase inhibitor and a prebiotic, but its current high price ($30/kg) prevents wide use. The co-production of high-value products such as L-ara ...

High brightness and high average power Free Electron Lasers known as x-ray FELs, developed by DOE, are intently desired by the scientific community for their unique capabilities and for the opportunities they enable in the medical and biological sciences, such as imaging biological molecules or chemical reactions. Beam optics codes (particularly Particle-in-Cell codes) couple non-uniformity and su ...

The increased accessibility via remote login, along with steadily growing numbers of HPC users and projects, poses a challenging question for HPC system management: How to secure HPC systems and protect the data inside these systems? There are several challenging issues that prevent the direct deployment of existing personal computer or cloud security tools in HPC systems: 1) The overhead introduc ...

Transmission electron microscopy is one of the primary tools for biological and materials characterization and has many important research applications. However, there is an overarching need to simultaneously improve both its spatial and temporal resolutions, beyond currently available technology, to study physical processes near atomic scales. Technical Approach RadiaBeam Technologies and UCLA pr ...

As the world population increases and global GDP rises, the demand for energy is projected to increase dramatically. Fossil fuels are currently a leading energy source, approximately 50% of which is imported from foreign sources. A domestically produced, renewable energy source is needed to ensure the energy security of the United States. One source of domestic potential energy currently under- ...

Organic chemicals comprise the dominant fraction of particulates found in atmospheric aerosols, and the largest proportions of these are secondary products formed in the atmosphere from oxidation of volatile organic compounds. Often these chemical transformations result from complex pathways involving species from different sources. To understand these processes, we need to be able to trace the ...

The near-field Campanile probe offer an unique solution to explore the behavior of matter at the nanometer scale by simultaneously imaging the physicochemical properties and the local morphology of materials. However, the fabrication of these revolutionary tips is complex and expensive with poor reproducibility, all of which prohibits any commercialization. Statement of How this Problem or Situati ...

Most radioisotopes are produced by nuclear reactors or positive ion accelerators, which are expensive to construct and to operate. Photonuclear reactions using bremsstrahlung photon beams from less-expensive electron linacs can generate isotopes of critical interest, but much of the beam energy in a conventional electron linac is dumped, making unwanted radioactivation. GENERAL STATEMENT OF HOW T ...

Metrology is a multi-billion dollar industry that is an indispensable part of science and manufacturing. A variety of techniques including interferometric microscopes, scanning electron microscopes (SEM), X-ray, and atomic force microscopes (AFM) are used in X-ray mirror manufacturing. The performance of any tool directly depends on the ability to characterize and tune it ...

The objective of the proposed project is to develop the next generation of the low cost, high energy and high power solid state rechargeable lithium battery using a low cost enabling solid state electrolyte and protected lithium metal electrode developed by University of California in San Diego for use in the plug-in hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle. The advantages of the proposed solid state ...