Award Data

Many communities face water scarcity as a fundamental challenge to their economic and social development. Seawater is an abundant source which can be reached by most of the countries in the world. In order to utilize seawater as potable water, it is required to remove the high salinity. Desalination technologies are intended for the removal of dissolved salts that cannot be removed by conventional ...

There is an increasing need to understand the impacts particles emitted by both natural and human activities have on cloud properties, precipitation and climate. DOE has identified a need to improve the measurement capability of observational platforms, particularly in the Arctic region. One barrier to progress in understanding the interactions of particles and clouds and the importance of cloud c ...

The increased accessibility via remote login, along with steadily growing numbers of HPC users and projects, poses a challenging question for HPC system management: How to secure HPC systems and protect the data inside these systems? There are several challenging issues that prevent the direct deployment of existing personal computer or cloud security tools in HPC systems: 1) The overhead introduc ...

The problem/situation that is being addressed is the development and improvement of compact laser- driven x-ray sources for ultrafast characterization of interest to the DoE. While much progress has been made in the development of table-top x-ray sources, with high harmonic sources and atomic soft x-ray lasers presently allowing for a large number of experiments to be conducted in small laborator ...

Approximately 39% of domestic energy, or 4.5 Quads, is consumed annually in the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) of buildings. Energy recovery ventilators (ERV) have the potential to save more than 2 Quads of this energybut, to date, their low performance, large size, and other disadvantages have prevented their widespread commercial adoption. The subject technology for this SBIR ...

There are currently no comprehensive computational design tools for developing photocathodes and the electron sources they support. Existing codes do not address the latest photocathode materials, nor do they provide the complete physics related to electron emission. This is complicating design of RF guns and photoinjectors for accelerators and light sources. Statement of how this problem or situa ...