Award Data

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Since the earliest examination of cellular structures, biologists have been fascinated by observing cells using light microscopy. The advent of fluorescent labeling technologies plus the plethora of sophisticated light microscope techniques now available make studying dynamic processes in living cells almost commonplace. The ability to visualize, track, and qu ...

An estimated 25% of primary care patients may have some form of substance abuse. The goal of this project is to develop web-based educational and performance support tools for primary care providers (PCPs) to engage in substance abuse screening, brief intervention, referral, and treatment (SBIRT). The effort will be grounded in an integrative reasoned action approach to provider performance, incor ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nutrition Initiative for Small Chain Restaurants (NISCR) Project Summary/Abstract To help combat obesity and diet-related diseases prevalent in the U.S., the proposed project will develop a program that enables and enco urages small chain restaurants to (1) serve a selection of healthier menu items and provide corresponding nutrition information and (2) promo ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Our current capacity to generate chemical and structural biological data far exceeds our capability to meaningfully assimilate it. The data describes molecules and biological macromolecules and associated properties. A principle common to the structure of all chemical and biological macromolecular entities is the composition of objects related by energetic int ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Electron spin resonance spectrometry is a widely used technique for the detection of free radicals and paramagnetic centers. There are over 23,000 published biomedical research papers citing this technique, particularly the use of spin labeling and measurement of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. However, applications of electron spin reso ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The detection and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has the potential to become a very powerful tool in cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, current technologies for CTC detection are not yet established in routine clinical practice. One reason is that CTCs are present in blood at an extremely low concentration of one in 10 million white blood ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a significant need for novel HIV therapies given the emergence of viruses resistant to existing drug regimens. RNA-protein complexes represent an important and under utilized drug target. In HIV, the Tat-TAR an d Rev-RRE RNA- protein complexes carry out essential roles in RNA transcription and nuclear export respectively. Disruption of these RNA-protei ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A common complaint by people with hearing loss is the great difficulty they experience in understanding speech in a noisy environment. Hearing aids, unfortunately, amplify both speech and background noise. It is possibl e to improve speech understanding in noise to some extent by honing one's listening skills. A self-guiding training system will be developed to ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): MRI is a proven non-invasive technique to make functional MRI (fMRI) by measuring changes in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast in different regions of the brain resulting from the neurovascular coupling of neuronal activity. Echo planar imaging (EPI) is the most widely used fMRI pulse sequence, due to its speed and BOLD contrast, however EPI has r ...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In extensive work over the last decade, it has become clear that biologically active molecules can be inserted into specific cell types through targeting to molecules on the cell surface. It is here proposed to direct this technology to specific neuronal cell types with the purpose of temporarily inhibiting their capacity of releasing neurotransmitters. As pr ...