Award Data

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO EMPLOY THE BETATRON PRINCIPLE TO PRODUCE AN INEXPENSIVE ELECTRON ACCELERATOR CAPABLE OF PRODUCING 20-50 MEV ELECTRONS WITH GOOD BEAM QUALITY AND HIGH-AVERAGE CURRENTS OF UP TO 5-50 MUA. IN CONVENTIONAL BETATRONS WHICH HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 50 YEARS, EDDY-CURRENT LOSSES IN THE IRON LIMIT THE OPERATING FREQUENCY, THUS LIMITING THE MAXIMUM ENERGY AND CUR ...

N/A

N/A

N/A

THE OVERALL GOAL IS TO DEVELOP LOW COST "SMART" SENSORS FOR HARD X-RAYS SUITABLE FOR USE WITH MINIMALLY INTRUSIVE EMPLACEMENT SYSTEMS SUCH AS CONE PENETROMETERS AND PORTABLE INSTRUMENTS. THE SENSORS WILL EFFICIENTLY MEASURE ENERGY SPECTRA UP TO 300KE V, AN IMPORTANT RANGE FOR SPECTROSCOPIC DETERMINATION OF THE ACTINIDE RADIOISTOPES AND FOR X-RAY FLUORESCENCE OF HEAVY METALS. THE SENSORS WILL INC ...

THE POTENTIAL ADVANTAGES OF MEMBRANE PROCESSES FOR SEPARATIONS ARE WELL KNOWN. HOWEVER, CURRENT MEMBRANE SYSTEMS HAVE CAPTURED ONLY A SMALL FRACTION OF THE POTENTIAL MARKET, PRIMARILY BECAUSE THEY ARE MADE FROM POLYMERS THAT ARE NOT DURABLE ENOUGH FOR MANY APPLICATIONS, AND THEY DO NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT SELECTIVITY FOR CLEAN SEPARATIONS. PLASMA-POLYMER MEMBRANES OFFER A SOLUTION TO BOTH PROBLEMS. TH ...

DOMESTIC NATURAL GAS PROVIDES AN INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT PORTION OF THE U.S. ENERGY SUPPLY. ESTIMATED U.S. GAS RESERVES ARE ABOUT 1000 TRILLON STANDARD CUBIN FEET (SCF)--OR ABOUT 1000 QUADS. FULLY 25% OF THE ESTIMATED U.S. NATURAL GAS RESERVES ARE CONTAMINATED WITH NITROGEN (N2) TO THE EXTENT THAT THE GAS CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT PROCESSING TO REDUCE THE N2 CONCENTRATION. NO TECHNOLOGY EXISTS TODAY F ...

SEPARATION PROCESSES TO RECOVER AND PURIFY PRODUCTS ACCOUNT FOR MORE THAN 40% OF THE ENERGY DEMAND IN THE CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY (CPI), BUT MEMBRANE PROCESSES HAVE GAINED ONLY A SMALL SHARE OF THIS MAJOR MARKET. CONVENTIONAL MEMBRANES HAVE HAD LIMITATIONS THAT HAVE PRECLUDE THEIR WIDESPREAD ACCEPTANCE IN THE CPI AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL SETTINGS. SPECIFICALLY, MEMBRANES EITHER COULD NOT WITHSTAN ...

THE INDENTIFICATION AND QUANTIFICATION OF TOXIC CHEMICALS IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE COST-EFFECTIVE REMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SITES. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A CHEMICAL MICROINSTRUMENT IS PROPOSED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: A SILICON CHIP CONTAINING MULTIPLE MICROMACHINED COMPONENTS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO ATTAIN THE HIGH SELECTIVITY AND SENSITIVITY CHARACTERISTIC OF CONVENTIONAL ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS. ...

HIGH SURFACE AREA MATERIALS HAVE DIVERSE APPLICATIONS, SUCH AS FOR ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS AND FOR CATALYTIC CONVERTERS. IN PHASE I, HIGH SURFACE AREA MATERIALS WILL BE PREPARED USING THE SOL-GEL PROCESS IN PHASE I. VARIOUS ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE TRANSITION METAL OXIDES, NITRIDES, AND BORIDES WILL BE PREPARED AND STUDIED BY MEASUREMENT OF THEIR DOUBLE LAYER CAPACITANCE (WHICH IMPLIES ENERGY STORAG ...