Award Data

PETROLEUM REFINERIES ARE UNAVOIDABLY GENERATING WASTE STREAMS OF OIL SLUDGE IN THE AMOUNT OF APPROXIMATELY 30,000 TONS PER YEAR PER REFINERY. THE WASTE STREAM COMPRISES SEDIMENT FROM STORAGE TANKS, BOTTOMS FROM DISTILLATION UNITS, SPENT CATALYST, AND WASTE WATER. DISPOSAL OF THIS REFINERY SLUDGE IS A CHALLENGE TO THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. CALDERON ENERGY COMPANY OF BOWLING GREEN, INC., BELIEVES IT W ...

A METHOD FOR RECYCLING ZINC PHOSPHATING PROCESS WASTE IS PROPOSED. ABOUT THREE MILLION POUNDS OF SOLID CHEMICAL WASTE IS GENERATED ANNUALLY FROM ZINC PHOSPHATING IN NORTH AMERICA. THE WASTE IS AN INORGANIC MIXED ZINC/IRON TERTIARY SALT OF PHOSPHORIC ACID. TOXICITY LEVELS VARY BUT MOST WASTES CONTAIN NICKEL, CHROME, LEAD, AND OTHER TOXINS IN SMALL QUANTITIES. THE METHOD DEPENDS UPON CONTINUOUS REMO ...

SAFE, COST EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVES TO CHLORINE TREATMENT OF DRINKING WATER FOR DISTRIBUTION AND DISINFECTION HAVE BEEN SOUGHT FOR SOME TIME. CHLORINE DIOXIDE IS A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE TO CHLORINE FOR THE TREATMENT OF EVEN POOR QUALITY WATER SUPPLIES AND THE REDUCTION OF POTENTIAL CANCER CAUSING CHLORINATED ORGANICS. ITS WIDESPREAD USE HAS BEEN INHIBITED BY THE COSTS AND/OR COMPLEXITY OF ITS PRODUCTIO ...

THERE ARE NUMEROUS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES REQUIRING THAT MATERIAL BE HEATED AND THEN SUBSEQUENTLY COOLED. IF MOST OF THIS HEAT IS RECOVERED AND RECYCLED TO THE OVEN, THE NET POWER INPUT TO THE OVEN COULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED. THE KEY TO ACCOMPLISHING THIS IS AN INCREASE OF THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN GAS AND MATERIAL SO THAT THE HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE RESASONABLY COMPACT. SIMPLE EXPERIMEN ...

MORE COST EFFECTIVE SYSTEMS ARE NEEDED FOR RECOVERING VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (VOCS) FROM INDUSTRIAL EXHAUSTGAS. THE PROPOSED APPROACH IS TO COOL THE GAS WELL BELOW THE DEW POINT OF THE VOCS. NORMALLY, ICE AND DIRT FORM ON THE CONDENSING SURFACE, REDUCING THE HEAT TRANSFER RATE, REQUIRING SHUT-DOWN AND PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE. ENERGY INNOVATION, INC.'S, INNOVATION WILL ELIMINATE THESE REQUIRE ...

THE PROPOSAL RESPONDS TO THE INCREASING PRESSURE TO RECYCLE PAPER. SINCE NONBLEACHED PAPER USES ALMOST 100% RECYCLE PULP, ADDITIONAL RECYCLING MUST COME FROM BLEACHING RECYCLEDPULP TO BE SUITABLE FOR NEWSPRINT AND WHITE PAPER. THE OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENTS IS TO DEMONSTRATE THE FEASIBILITY OF BLEACHING RECYCLED PULP WITH A UNIQUE CHEMICAL MIXTURE. THE EXPERIMENTS WILL USE SAMPLES OF COMMERCIAL ...

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CONTAMINATION OF GROUNDWATER BY TRICHLOROETHYLENE AND OTHER VOLATILE HALOGENATED SOLVENTS REPRESENTS A SERIOUS THREAT TO THE NATION'S DRINKING WATER. CURRENT TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLLING SUCH CONTAMINATION ARE LIMITED TO AERATION, ADSORPTION, AND LINKING. A PROMISING ALTERNATIVE IS PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION, BUT THIS PROCESS IS AS YET UNOPTIMIZED, POORLY UNDERSTOOD, AND LARGELY LIMITED. PHOT ...

OVER THE LAST SEVERAL YEARS, THE EPA HAS DEVOTED MAJOR EF- FORTS TO IDENTIFY AND DOCUMENT THE MAGNITUDE OF THE RISKS OFENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DUE TO LEAKING UDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS (UST). IN APRIL 1987, THE EPA PUBLISHED THE PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR THE OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF UST, WHICH ARE EXPECTED TO BE FINALIZEDD IN EARLY 1988. THESE REGULATIONS INCLUDE REQUIREMENTS FOR TANK TIGHTNESS TESTS, ...