Award Data

The removal of all particles over a desired micron-scale size threshold from a powder sample is critical to the development of fine-filament, powder-in-tube superconducting wires, for which the final filament size is limited by the largest particles in the precursor powder filling. This project will develop a particle-removal technology that disperses the powder in an aerosol suspension and then ...

The future of nuclear fusion relies in part on the development of effective plasma facing components (PFCs) that can withstand the intense heat loads, forces, and neutron bombardment of long-pulse, high-power reactor operation. Current PFC designs for the next-generation International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which will require thousands of PFCs, involve beryllium (Be) armor bon ...

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are one of the most efficient and cleanest power generating systems under development. A key component in the SOFC generator is the cathode-air heat exchanger or recuperator, which ensures that the cathode air (and, thereby, the cells) is at a sufficient temperature to permit ion mobility and improve overall SOFC system efficiency by reducing stack losses. However, ...

There is a growing demand for power electronics that can operate under the high temperature and high power conditions that will be encountered in applications such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles. As the coolant temperature used to dissipate heat from the electronics increases, the operation of power semiconductor devices such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) becomes severly limited, in ...

Atmospheric aerosol particles play an important role in the earth¿s climate, visibility, acid deposition, and human health. Detailed chemical characterization of ambient aerosol particles is necessary in order to fully understand the physical and chemical processes underlying the formation and transformation of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. However, standard analytical methods for detail ...

Aerosol particles have important effects on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health. A large fraction of the anthropogenic aerosol is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass in many locations. Yet, large uncertainties remain in quantifying the chemical composition and atmospheric transfo ...

Aerosol particles have important impacts on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health; yet, large uncertainties remain in quantifying their chemical composition and atmospheric transformations. A large part of the anthropogenic aerosol is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass in many loca ...

Aerosol particles affect the radiative balance of the earth directly, by scattering and absorbing solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly, by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. It is now recognized that the atmospheric loading of aerosols, generated through human activities, can influence the earth¿s radiation budget in an amount comparable with greenhouse gases. However, uncertaintie ...

Acrolein (CH2=CHCHO) has been identified by the U.S. Clean Air Act as a hazardous air pollutant because of its adverse health effect, particularly on respiratory systems. There are both anthropogenic and natural sources of acrolein in the environment. Acrolein is produced by combustion sources (e.g. vehicle exhaust, prescribed agricultural burning, cigarette smoke) and industrial sources, includi ...

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