Award Data

CONTAMINATION OF THE NATION'S DRINKING WATER SUPPLIES BY HAZARDOUS, SYNTHETIC VOLATILE ORGANIC CHEMICALS (VOCS) IS BECOMING A WIDESPREAD PROBLEM. THIS PROBLEM IS OF GREAT CONCERN WITH RESPECT TO CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER. GROUNDWATER IS THESOURCE OF DRINKING WATER FOR ABOUT HALF THE NATION. THE EPAESTIMATES THAT UP TO 20% OF THE DRINKING WATER THAT COMES FROM GORUNDWATER CONTAINS VOCS. METHODS FOR ...

METALS AND METAL COMPLEXES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MANY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES. DUE TO THE WIDESPREAD AND LARGE-SCALEUSE OF METALS, MONITORING THEIR PRESENCE IN WASTE STREAMS AND CONTROLLING THEIR LEVELS OF DISCHARGE INTO THE ENVIRON-MENT ARE DIFFICULT AND COSTLY TASKS--TASKS THAT ARE ALL THE MORE IMPORTANT GIVEN THE TOXICITY OF MANY COMMONLY USED METALS. CURRENTLY AVAILABLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGY FOR ...

VAST QUANTITIES OF INDUSTRIAL ACIDS, BASES, PROCESSING SOLUTIONS, AND SLUDGES CONTAIN HEAVY METALS. THESE ARE OFTEN HAZARDOUS, AND IF LEFT UNREGULATED, PRESENT A SERIOUS THREAT TO GROUNDWATER AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE FOR TREATING INDUSTRIAL WASTES ARE TYPICALLY INADEQUATE AND EXTREMELY EXPENSIVE. NEW METHODS ARE CLEARLY NEEDED FOR REMOVING TOXIC METALS FROM PROCESS S ...

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STATIONARY GAS ENGINES PRODUCE A DISPROPORTIONATELY LARGE SHARE OF THE TOTAL NOX EMISSIONS IN THE U.S., BUT NO AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY OFFERS A SATISFACTORY MEANS OF REDUCING THEIR EMISSIONS. THESE ENGINES ARE PREDOMINANTLY TWO CYCLE AND PRODUCE AN EXHAUST HAVING A HIGH RATIO OF OXYGEN (O2) TO NITRIC OXIDE (NO). THUS, A SELECTIVE NO REDUCTION TECHNIQUE IS NEEDED WHICH CONVERTS THE NO TO NITROGEN (N2) ...

THERE ARE NUMEROUS INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES REQUIRING THAT MATERIAL BE HEATED AND THEN SUBSEQUENTLY COOLED. IF MOST OF THIS HEAT IS RECOVERED AND RECYCLED TO THE OVEN, THE NET POWER INPUT TO THE OVEN COULD BE SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCED. THE KEY TO ACCOMPLISHING THIS IS AN INCREASE OF THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT BETWEEN GAS AND MATERIAL SO THAT THE HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE RESASONABLY COMPACT. SIMPLE EXPERIMEN ...

RINSE WATER AND OTHER AQUEOUS WASTES FROM METAL FINISHING OPERATIONS PRESENT A DISPOSAL PROBLEM BECAUSE OF THEIR HEAVY METAL AND AGGRESSIVE CHEMICAL CONTENT. GENERALLY, THESE WASTES ARE TREATED CHEMICALLY TO PRECIPITATE THE METALIONS AS OXIDES OR HYDROXIDES. THIS TREATMENT IS COSTLY BECAUSE IT INVOLVES THE ADDITION OF CHEMICALS, DISPOSAL OF SLUDGE WITH LOSS OF VALUABLE METALS, AND LOSS OF THE HIGH ...

RESEARCH WILL BE CONDUCTED BY HICHEM CORPORATION, TO DEVELOP A NEW TECHNOLOGY FOR PYROLYSIS OF SCRAP TIRES. DISPOSAL OF USED TIRES IS A BIG PROBLEM IN THE WORLD, ESPECIALLY USA, SINCE MORE THAN 2.5 MILLION TIRES ARE DISCARDED EACH YEAR. MOST OF THESE TIRES ARE DISPOSED IN LANDFILLS. PYROLYSIS OF SCRAP TIRES HELPS TO RECOVER AND REUSE MOST OF THE VALUABLE CHEMICAL AVAILABLE IN TIRES. PYROLYSIS OF S ...

THE THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT DEVICE MAKING TODAY'S AUTOMOBILES COMPLY WITH EXISTING EMISSION LAWS. THE FIRST TWO OR THREE MILES IN A TYPICAL 22-MINUTE, 12-MILE COMUTE IN TODAY'S VEHICLES RESULT IN THE EMISSION OF HALF OF THE TOTAL NON-METHANE HYDROCARBONS, WHICH RESULT IN THE PRODUCTION OF URBAN SMOG, AS WELL AS HALF OF THE TOXIC CO EMISSIONS. THIS OCCURS BECAUSE THE CAT ...

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