Award Data

Various oily wastes are generated when performing vehicle maintenance operations, including used oil drained from the engine, the oil filter, and even oil absorbent used to clean up oil that has spilled on the floor. At one time these wastes were placed in landfills. Concerns with oil from these wastes migrating into surface and groundwater has prompted a number of state and federal ...

Perchlorate is a widely used component of solid fuel, missile and rocket propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. It has been shown to reduce iodide uptake into the thyroid gland. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has found perchlorate contamination in 18 states and believes contamination may exist in as many as 39 states. In early January 2005, the National Academy of Science ...

Lead in household paint and dust is a serious health hazard, as low-level lead exposure can result in a number of adverse health effects, especially in children. Onsite and real-time detection and quantification of lead in paint/dust are very important to homeowners and certified lead-based paint removal professionals. Toward this end, both field-portable equipment (such as X-ray fluorescenc ...

Various oily wastes are generated while performing vehicle maintenance operations, including used oil drained from the engine, the oil filter, and even oil absorbent the is used to clean up oil that has spilled on the floor. At one time these wastes were placed in landfills. Concerns with oil from these waste migrating into surface and ground water has prompted a number state and federal regulat ...

Lead in household paint and dust is a serious health hazard as low level lead exposure can result in a number o adverse health effects, especially in children. On-site and real-time detection and quantification of lead in the paint/dust is very important to homeowners and certified lead-based paint removal professionals. Toward this end, both field-portable equipment (such as x-ray fluorescence ...

THIS PROJECT IS DIRECTED TOWARD DEVELOPING THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INSIGHT NECESSARY FOR EVALUATING THE UTILITY OF A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL COMPATIBLE WITH THE DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF H(2)S. THIS APPROACH, WHICH FORMS THE BASIS OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL CLAUS-TYPE PROCESS FORSULFUR REMOVAL, WILL STUDY CELLS POSSESSING THE GENERAL CONFIGURATIONS: H(2)S,AS(2)/ZRO(2)(8(W)%Y(2)O(3))/LA(0.8 ...

THE CHLORINE CONTENT OF CARBONACEOUS CHAR DERIVED FROM THE PYROLYTIC CONVERSION OF REFUSE-DERIVED FUEL (RDF) IS HIGHER THAN THAT OF CONVENTIONAL COAL. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL DETERMINE IF THIS CHLORINE CAN BE "CAPTURE" DURING THE PYROLYTIC CONVERSION BY THE ADDITION OFCA(OH)2 OR NAOH, AND THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT CAN BE "CAPTUREDTHE RESEARCH WILL IDENTIFY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE AMOUNT OF CH ...

THE HARDEST MATERIALS AVAILABLE TODAY ARE DIAMOND AND CUBIC BORON NITRIDE. BOTH OF THESE MATERIALS EXIST AS METASTABLE PHASES THAT CAN BE SYNTHETICALLY PRODUCED FROM MUCH SOFTER AND CHEAPER STARTING MATERIALS SUCH AS GRAPHITE. ONE OF THETECHNIQUES FOR PRODUCING SYNTHETIC DIAMOND OR CUBIC BORON NITRIDE IS SHOCK-WAVE PROCESSING AT PRESSURES IN THE 10-200 GPA RANGE. THEORETICAL ARGUMENTS SUGGEST THAT ...

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X-ray fluorescence detection at intense synchrotron sources, used at DOE facilities for materials science research, is limited by the count rate of the solid state detectors. This project will develop a multilayer-analyzer array detector with high count rate, superb energy resolution, and fast time response. Utilizing diffraction from graded multilayers, the selection of energy photons will be a ...