Award Data

In this program, we will develop a breakthrough technology that will enable wafer-scale epitaxial lift-off (ELO) of GaN power device heterostructures from low-dislocation-density bulk GaN substrates. This technology will be used to provide a low-cost vertical junction field effect transistors (VJFETs) with high breakdown voltage (greater than 1,200 V) and high current capability (greater than 100 ...

High Performance Computing technology has advanced significantly, and advanced parallel computers are being built, with DOE leadership. Yet, the American engineering and manufacturing industry has not started leveraging parallel computing at a significant level, partly because of the challenging nature of modern simulation software. US competitiveness in manufacturing may suffer due to its ineffe ...

The continuous push towards higher photon energies and higher imaging resolution has brought current state- of-theart X-ray focusing zone plates to a limit of 20 nm resolution at & lt;10 keV photon energies. Zone plates for focusing with same or better resolution at energies up to 25 keV are necessary for imaging and elemental analyses of multi-element samples, such as nano-composites, biological ...

Quantitative, real-time detection of hazardous metal ions on-site is an important goal and remains a significant challenge while monitoring sources such as potable, ground, surface and industrial waters. Quantitative analysis of trace elements is predominantly done by sending the samples to a laboratory for testing by sophisticated analytical techniques, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrom ...

Many U.S. manufacturers use advanced simulation tools to maintain competitiveness in the world marketplace. As sophisticated as these tools are, successful deployment depends upon the skills and experience of an aging workforce. Automated Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification (VV & amp;UQ) tools mitigate the risk of using simulation tools and help capture the knowledge of expert ...

High field magnets are needed for frontier accelerator facilities and have many applications beyond high-energy physics. Of particular interest are 30-40T class (LTS/HTS hybrid) solenoids required for the final beam cooling stages of a muon collider facility. The successful design of such magnets using Bi2212 conductor depends critically on the conductor processing, stress management in the coil, ...

Many planned nextgeneration experiments in high energy physics, astroparticle physics, and nuclear physics need a plethora of photon detectors with singlephoton sensitivity, large dynamic range, and accessibility throughout experiment lifetime. These requirements constrain the sensor: low sensitivity against temperature and bias fluctuations; very compact; very robust; cheap; insensitive to magn ...

Future particle physics experiments at the high-energy frontier, such as LHC, HL-LHC, ILC, CLIC or Multi-TeV Muon Collider, will all require silicon detectors capable of reconstructing charged particle trajectories with high accuracy in the presence of significant high occupancy. These experiments will impose stringent demands on the data links to transfer the data from the silicon detector to t ...

The capability of discharge-produced reactive oxygen species, in particular O2(a1), to effectively inactivate biological species has been empirically well-established. Disinfection and sterilization processes for instruments, surfaces, and wounds are essential in disease prevention to ensure destruction of microorganisms that can contaminate materials. Such microorganisms include spore-forming and ...

Currently, cast-iron is nearly exclusively used for car brake rotors. Replacing cast-iron by a high- temperature, creep-resistant aluminum alloy could translate into about 80 lbs (36 kg) in weight reduction for a typical car, thus improving its gasoline mileage and reducing its greenhouse gas emissions. Current commercial, castable, age-hardening aluminum alloys cannot withstand temperatures above ...