Award Data

Statement of the Problem: Ambient aerosol particles play a significant role in adversely affecting human health, in altering the chemistry and the radiative balance of the Earth’s atmosphere, and in reducing visibility. However, there are significant uncertainties in the sources and chemical transformations of particulate matter and how they relate to climate forcing. Organic aerosol is a key co ...

As computational density for high-performance computing and big-data services continues to scale, performance scalability of next generation computing systems is becoming increasingly constrained by limitations in memory access, power dissipation and chip packaging. The processor-memory communication bottleneck, a major challenge in current multicore processors due to limited pin-out and power bud ...

In order to support further advances in Nuclear Physics, experiments using Cherenkov radiation and fast scintillators in calorimetry & dual calorimetry, would require new optical detectors with enhanced spectral response to blue and UV wavelengths, low timing jitter, high energy resolution, dynamic range and operation in high radiation and magnetic fields. SiPM silicon-based solid-state photo-mult ...

For nuclear physics research, thin film isotopic specialty targets are often requested for the use and in charged-particle-induced experiments. There are also tens of radioisotopes that are of interest for medical imaging, industrial and R&D uses. The targets of interest include B, O, Si, and Cr; isotopes of refractory metals, such as Re, Os, Ir are good examples. However, many of the isotopes can ...

Problem Statement: High Performance Computing technology has advanced significantly, and advanced parallel computers are being built, with DOE leadership. Yet, the American engineering and manufacturing industry has not started leveraging parallel computing at a significant level, partly because of the challenging nature of modern simulation software. US competitiveness in manufacturing may suffer ...

The primary objective of the proposed project is to develop and validate turbulence and combustion models for high-fidelity simulation of combustion under supercritical conditions relevant to direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycles. Supercritical CO2 cycles have gained much interest recently because of their potential for increased efficiency over the traditional power cycles. Direct-fired cyc ...

There exists a need to obtain near-real-time information in a wireless tool configuration to be used in dynamic geothermal well conditions, such as when drilling is in progress. A tool which can provide this near real-time information from sensors located near the bit of the drill string will help reduce the hazards and costs associated with geothermal well development by allow ...

Problem Being Addressed: The lack of availability, usability, and the cost of development, own- ership, and operation of high performance computation-ready simulation capabilities. These are significant barriers to utilization of modeling & simulation for the American industry; most open- source, free technologies are difficult to use and/or have not been validated to the extent needed for industr ...

United States competitiveness will benefit from increasing the speed of delivery of new material and molecular systems for clean energy by enabling predictive modeling & simulation-based design of such systems prior to synthesis. These computational predictive capabilities are also important in the areas of atomic and molecular physics, chemistry and chemical biology, coherent control of chemical ...

At supercritical conditions, CO2 behaves in very complex ways. As a result, there is a lack of confidence in existing computational fluid dynamics approaches to simulating flows of supercritical CO2. Current models were developed for other physical simulations and either do not include the correct physics or are not validated for CO2 flows in the supercritical regime. As supercritical CO2 is incre ...