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Okeanos Technologies is developing a desalination system that used Ion Concentration Polarization (ICP) elements and modular arrays. ICP can separate water from solutes and contaminants far more efficiently than Reverse Osmosis (RO) or Electrodialysis(ED) because no extreme hydraulic pressures or heat sources are needed. The improve efficiency translates into order of magnitude savings in operat ...

Industrial wastewater containing toxic waste compound and metal ions pose manyproblems of disposal. The most generally used method of removing metalcontaminants is lime treatment to precipitate metals as hydroxides. The metalis not normally recovered resulting in the need for sludge disposal. The costof sludge disposal plus fewer available disposal sites makes that methodincreasing less attract ...

No one questions the philosophy that it is better to avoid industrial pollutionrather than to attempt the clean up of an environmentally abused site.Unfortunately, we are slow to learn this lesson and hazardous wastes become moreexotic and continue to increase. Causing 21 of the 28 EPA superfund sites in theSilicon Valley (Witkowski and Menon 1991), the semiconductor industry was, andcontinues to ...

As part of its mission to protect human health and the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency develops and promotes innovative cleanup strategies that restore contaminated sites to productive use, reduce associated costs, and promotes environmental stewardship. Testing and characterization of the environment for potentially harmful contaminants is a costly endeavor. Current technolo ...