Award Data

72181-Current and proposed Nuclear Physics (NP) experiments require very accurate measurement of very short-lived phenomena at a very large number of very close measurement locations. Available data acquisition systems use currently available analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technologies, which cannot be packed densely enough to extract all of the available information from these experiments. C ...

72766-This project will develop a unique computational environment as a design tool for incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows with free surfaces. In particular, the MHD limitations on design, as function of flow speed, will be determined. Several numerical and physical issues related to solid wall treatment in MHD flows were resolved in Phase I. The code was shown to be able to be run ...

72684-Approximately 3% of the world¿s energy consumption goes into ammonia synthesis. By far, the most important method of making ammonia is the Haber-Bosch system, which accounts for over 90% of the world¿s ammonia production. However, this process suffers from low product yield and requires synthesis at high temperatures and pressures. An efficient, low-cost method for ammonia production co ...

72323- The exploration of certain regimes of high energy physics will require the development of photocathodes with emitted electron spin-polarizations above 90%. Emitted electron spin-polarizations approaching 90% have been achieved, but at the expense of quantum yield. Because natural diffusion spatial spread disfavors complete transport to the emitting surface, this project will develop tec ...

72494-This project will use microbiological bioconversion technology in situ to convert sequestered greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, into methane and other useful organic compounds. Indigenous anaerobic bacteria will be added to coal along with supplemental nutrients to stimulate bioconversion. In Phase I, a large number of coal samples were collected from coalbed ...

72755-Beam position and emittance are critical parameters for accelerator applications, including colliders and radiation generation, as in free-electron lasers. A high precision emittance measurement requires precise beam position at the measurement location. At present there is no existing technique, commercial or otherwise, for non-destructive, pulse-to-pulse, simultaneous beam position and e ...

72753-The Resistive Wall Mode (RWM) is a major instability that limits performance in current and projected future advanced tokamaks. Active control of the RWM using external coils to cancel RWM magnetic flux has been shown effective in stabilizing the mode. The control scheme requires both accurate isolation of the mode flux from the total flux and accurate modeling of system responses to the m ...

72425-Pre-clinical in vivo studies for pharmaceutical development utilizing new molecular imaging tools have limited accuracy due to quantification errors that arise from the physics in the image acquisition process. Techniques for correcting attenuation errors and improved quantification assessment not only can lead to improved accuracy in drug development and disease studies but also can speed ...

72498-Existing computer codes for modeling charged particles in three-dimensional geometries use finite-difference-analysis tech¿niques and fixed, orthogonal, structured elements. The computational size of the problems of interest is extremely large, thereby severely limiting the types of problems that can be solved and the information that can be gained. A new approach that maintains accuracy wh ...

72079-Approximately 20% of U.S. natural gas reserves are subquality due to a high carbon dioxide content. Membrane separation is an attractive technology to remove this carbon dioxide; however, membranes with higher flux and selectivity are required to improve the economics and reliability of the technology. This project will develop a new type of fluorinated polymer membrane that has exceptiona ...