Award Data

CO2 separation and capture is a global topic that is closely related to energy and environment. Separation via membrane techniques is energy-efficient compared to other separation techniques. Among various membranes, porous membranes usually have good performance in gas flux but poor performance in selectivity. The flux of a porous membrane is dependent on the membrane thickness; the selectivity o ...

Problem Statement: High Performance Computing technology has advanced significantly, and advanced parallel computers are being built, with DOE leadership. Yet, the American engineering and manufacturing industry has not started leveraging parallel computing at a significant level, partly because of the challenging nature of modern simulation software. US competitiveness in manufacturing may suffer ...

High quality spin polarization is an expectation for many users of Nuclear physics facilities. Accelerator operators and designers currently do not have real time, non-invasive polarization monitors, and no direct way to automate polarization quality optimization. The Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory (JLAB), Cornell’s Laboratory of Elementary-Particle Physics (LEPP) and, Electrodynamic, have ...

Wide band gap devices are considered a key future electronics technology in a number of applications especially for high-power electronics. These devices are based on high-quality epitaxial films of wide band gap materials such as GaN deposited on single-crystal wafers. The single-crystal substrates are limiting because of the wafer size, expense, mechanical properties and availability. Providing ...

Problem Being Addressed: The lack of availability, usability, and the cost of development, own- ership, and operation of high performance computation-ready simulation capabilities. These are significant barriers to utilization of modeling & simulation for the American industry; most open- source, free technologies are difficult to use and/or have not been validated to the extent needed for industr ...

United States competitiveness will benefit from increasing the speed of delivery of new material and molecular systems for clean energy by enabling predictive modeling & simulation-based design of such systems prior to synthesis. These computational predictive capabilities are also important in the areas of atomic and molecular physics, chemistry and chemical biology, coherent control of chemical ...

At supercritical conditions, CO2 behaves in very complex ways. As a result, there is a lack of confidence in existing computational fluid dynamics approaches to simulating flows of supercritical CO2. Current models were developed for other physical simulations and either do not include the correct physics or are not validated for CO2 flows in the supercritical regime. As supercritical CO2 is incre ...

There is a need for soil gas analyzers to characterize subsurface biogeochemical processes by measuring simultaneously multiple gases that are signatures for specific processes. Instruments should be significantly more portable and require less power than what is currently available. The analyzers need to be suitable for field work and laboratory studies. Rugged, compact, low power, and reasonably ...

Clouds play leading role in the Earth's global energy and solar radiation balance. Improving cloud models requires information on the cloud microphysical properties, such as particle size distribution and concentration, cloud composition (droplets, ice particles) and also information on ice crystal shapes (habits). New lightweight and low power instruments for characterization of mixed-phase cloud ...

Tracking both the extent of the induced fracture and the distribution of the proppant within the fracture are critical in understanding and optimizing the hydraulic fracture processes. Several groups are studying the use of electromagnetic methods and electrically conductive proppants to image the post-fracture proppant distribution. Interpreting these large-scale electromagnetic surveys will like ...