Award Data

76166B Although permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) are an important treatment option for groundwater remediation, no reliable methods are available to monitor or predict their long-term behavior. The large-scale implementation of reactive barriers will require a means of monitoring their long-term degradation. For example, gaps can occur in the placement of the reactive material, particularly w ...

797870 In the fast ignition concept for inertial fusion energy, high-intensity short-pulse lasers are used to create energetic particles (protons and relativistic electrons) that propagate to the fuel within a compressed capsule. The efficient transport of these energetic particles to the fuel is a key issue in fast ignition research. A combination of well-diagnosed experiments and well-tested s ...

78103 The DOE-funded Transmission Electron Aberration-corrected Microscope (TEAM) development project seeks to achieve the imaging and analysis of individual nanostructures at atomic resolution in three dimensions (3D). Although atomic resolution tomography has been the preferred approach, an alternative approach, atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM), has been explored for the past decade or s ...

78644S The widespread use of mercury (Hg) in products, along with the equally widespread release of mercury to the environment as a result of manufacturing operations, presents a serious health risk. Mercury contamination is also a significant issue at several government sites, ranging from trace contamination to extremely high contamination of soils and sediments. There is therefore a great ne ...

79579 Because of stringent environmental regulations, the power generation industry must take measures to reduce the emission of NOx and SOx. Low-NOx burners reduce emissions by changing the combustion characteristic of coal boilers, but they increase the amount of residual unburned carbon in the fly ash. Increased carbon levels in fly ash make air-entrained concrete production more difficult , ...

78301S One of the most widely used geophysical methods for monitoring flow within the shallow subsurface is Electrical Resistively Tomography (ERT). The latest generation of ERT systems can monitor data to a precision of around 1%, allowing in situ changes to be interpreted within a few percent. In turn, subsurface temperature changes can be monitored to within a few degrees Centigrade, low lev ...

78140S Strong radio-frequency electric fields in high-power components used in colliders can induce a resonant cascade of particles near internal surfaces (called multipacting) that can lead to surface breakdown and device failure, in some cases limiting the power than can be handled to a fraction of the design specification. Existing tools available to analyze this phenomenon have limited accu ...

79082S High order modes in radio-frequency accelerating cavities typically degrade the performance of high-energy colliders, and consequently a significant effort is put into eliminating or strongly damping these modes. Photon band gap structures are a novel and promising approach to this problem, and integrated analysis tools that can draw on parallel computing resources are needed to accelerat ...