Award Data

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A VAST BODY OF INFORMATION ON THE NATION'S CULTURAL RESOURCES, COLLECTED LARGELY WITHIN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS BY LEGAL MANDATE, EXISTS IN STATE AND FEDERAL ARCHIVES. MUCH OF THIS INFORMATION IS IN DIGITAL FORM, BUT EVEN MORE RESIDES ON PAPER FORMS AND MAPS. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) TECHNOLOGY, WHICH HAS ONLY BECOME WIDELY AVAILABLE IN A PRACTICAL SENSE WITHIN THE LAST FEW YEARS, OFFE ...

ECOTEK INTERNATIONAL PROPOSES AN ALL SOLID-STATE VISIBILITY MONITORING SYSETM THAT WILL BE USED TO MONITOR VISIBILITY CONDITIONS ALONG ROADWAYS AND WARN TRAVELERS OF LOW VISIBILITY CONDITIONS. THE PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM IS TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF MULTIPLE-VEHICLE COLLISIONS AND CONSEQUENT FATALITIES, INJURIES, AND PROPERTY DAMAGES. THE SYSTEM IS BASED ON AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO A WELL-ESTABLISHED ...

LASER APPLICATION FOR NONCONTACT TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER IS BEING DEVELOPED. THE TECHNIQUE CAN BE APPLIED FOR EITHER CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) OR BY RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING (RTP) SYSTEMS. THE METHOD IS BASED ON THERMAL EXPANSION OF A SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER, AND USES SPECKLE PATTERNS GENERATED FROM THE BACK (ROUGH SURFACE) OF THE WAFER. SPECKLE PATTERNS ARE GENERATED ...

RESEARCHERS ARE DEVELOPING AND DEMONSTRATING A MODEL FOR SCALABLE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING SOFTWARE WHICH COMBINES TWO EXISTING COMPUTING PARADIGMS. THE FIRST IS A MODEL FOR DYNAMIC LOAD BALANCING THAT HAS BEEN TESTED ON MULTIPLE-INSTRUCTION MULTIPLE-DATA (MIMD) MACHINES. THE SECOND IS A REUSABLE SOFTWARE DESIGN CALLED A "FRAMEWORK." THE FRAMEWORK IS AN OBJECT-BASED SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE THAT ...

THE HYDROXYL RADICAL (OH) PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF BOTH THE TROPOSPHERE AND THE STRATOSPHERE. IT IS THE PRIMARY OXIDIZING AGENT RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REMOVAL OF MOST TRACE GASES INCLUDING CO AND CH4. SINCE THE OH RADICAL DETERMINES THE LIFETIMES AND, THUS, THE CONCENTRATIONS OF MANY CHEMICAL SPECIES, ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF OH CONCENTRATION IS PIVOTAL IN UNDERSTANDING ATMOSPHERI ...

ULTRAFAST LASERS (LASERS THAT GENERATE PULSES WITH DURATIONS OF ~10 PICOSECONDS OR LESS) HAVE A LARGE NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS IN BIOCHEMISTRY, CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS, AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING. UNFORTUNATELY, THESE SYSTEMS ARE DIFFICULT TO USE LARGELY BECAUSE ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES ARE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO CHARACTERIZE AND FEW TECHNIQUES ARE CURRENTLY AVAILABLE. THOSE THAT ARE AVAILABLE USUALLY AR ...

THE RESEARCH EXAMINES THE DESIGN OF PEAK STRAIN AND DEFLECTION-BASED INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS FOR THE POST-EARTHQUAKE HEALTH MONITORING OF BUILDINGS AND OTHER STRUCTURES. THE INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEMS ARE INTENDED TO EVALUATE THE LOCAL MATERIAL DAMAGE AT SPECIFIC POINTS WITHIN A STRUCTURE, AND USED TO ESTIMATE, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE LEVEL OF DAMAGE A STRUCTURE HAS SUFFERED AND ITS CONDITION. THE ...

SUBSOILS FOR SUPPORT OF ROADWAY, AIRFIELD, AND PARKING AREA PAVEMENTS ARE BEING IMPROVED AND REINFORCED BY THE INCORPORATION OF A GRID OF SMALL DIAMETER, SHORT, STABILIZED, VERTICAL, GRANULAR COLUMNS. THE METHOD IS A SMALLER-SCALE VARIATION OF A PATENTED PROCESS TO REINFORCE BEARING SOILS BENEATH BUILDING FOUNDATIONS. THE COLUMNAR MATERIAL CAN CONSIST OF SOIL, SOIL WITH CHEMICAL AGENTS, SOIL WIT ...

A LARGE UNCERTAINTY EXISTS CONCERNING THE QUANTITATIVE ABILITY OF THE OCEANS TO TAKE UP ANTHROPOGENIC CO2. A MORE COMPLETE UNDERSTANDING OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OCEAN ANDATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRIES WOULD BROADEN THE ABILITY OF SCIENCETO PREDICT THE MAGNITUDE AND RATE OF GLOBAL WARMING SO THAT APPROPRIATE COUNTERMEASURES COULD BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED. AN ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENT IS NEEDED TO MAKE ...