Award Data

The Smart Grid is essential to meeting our future energy needs by changing how we use, distribute, and generate electricity. This energy future includes an increased amount of energy from renewable resources, load management techniques to improve resiliency and reliability, and distributed energy resources that can be managed to meet energy provider and individual customer’s needs. Two primary S ...

A recent report of the 25-member Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) recommends funding cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments under all budget scenarios, specifically, the next-generation ground-based CMB experimental program whose aim is to provide definitive measurements of the early universe. For this program, large focal plane arrays with ~100,000 detectors and associate ...

Low-cost, power-efficient, time-resolved imaging is increasingly important for DOE remote sensing operations. While large-area CMOS and CCD visible imagers and high-resolution thermal imagers now provide excellent images, these technologies do not have the temporal resolution to detect and track transient events, such as lasers, muzzle flashes, or other energetic events. Needed are imagers that ha ...

Stratus and stratocumulus clouds with low drop concentration and large drop diameter are scientifically very important, because this is the regime in which drizzle drops are formed. The formation of drizzle can lead to a rapid modification of the cloud droplet size distribution, which in turn has a strong influence on the cloud's radiative properties. Because stratus and stratocumulus clouds cover ...

Detectors and radiation monitors for future high energy and nuclear physics experiments must be able to withstand radiation environments several orders of magnitude harsher than those of any current device. At present, most radiation detectors are based on silicon technology, however, the practical radiation tolerance of silicon falls far short of requirements in future experiments and silicon mus ...

Oxygen enriched air (OEA) is a valuable tool to enhance combustion processes and improve the energy efficiency. OEA reduces the presence of parasitic nitrogen and therefore flame temperature and associated heat transfer is higher with OEA. A membrane process is the most energy efficient way to make low end OEA (25-35%). Studies show that using 35% OEA reduces fuel consumption and CO2 generation by ...

Nationally, lighting now consumes over 20% of all electricity generated, and energy demand continues to grow. But solid‐state lighting (SSL)—due to its efficiency, reasonable cost of ownership, controllability, and lifetime—has the potential to become the dominant lighting technology, accounting for the majority of the lighting market within the next 20 years. This requires very rapid growth ...

Owing to their spectrally narrow and high quantum yield photoluminescence, colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), are attractive replacements for the broadly emitting white-light phosphors used today that are typically composed of earth-rare elements. Three main factors limit the application of quantum dots as down-conversion phosphors for solid-state lighting: 1) ...

Development of an electron-ion collider is a priority of the nuclear physics community. The Medium Energy Electron-Ion Collider (MEIC) is a high-luminosity polarized ring-ring design, which includes a magnetized electron cooler with high-charge relativistic ~55 MeV electron bunches. Dynamic friction is the key physics underlying electron cooling. Present design efforts are based on parametric and ...

While chemistry science and technology greatly benefit from Atomic Force Microscopy in surface characterization, time-resolved chemical imaging on the single-molecule level, e.g., Near-Field Scanning Optical Spectroscopy and Ultrafast Tip Enhanced Spectroscopy, lags far behind. Current scanning probe microscopy only obtains information about mechanical, but not optical/chemical properties. In orde ...