Award Data

Project SummaryImpairment in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and a major source of patient and caregiver burden. Similarly to cognitive changes in AD, subtle difficulties in IADL may begin even before the stage of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recently, greater emphasis has been placed on preclinical AD, which consists ...

PROJECT SUMMARY Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) continue to experience a range of health disparities compared to English-proficient patients. Addressing persistent gaps in language services requires a paradigm shift in which health systems evaluate and track their compliance with relevant regulations, implement staff training, and carefully craft and communicate exhaustive language ...

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a degenerative disease of cartilage brought on by traumatic injury to the articular joints. Acute joint injury is followed by severe joint pain and inflammation. This results in much more rapid degeneration of cartilage than in other forms of osteoarthritis, due to the joint instability caused by trauma as well as the increase in pro ...

Abstract For about 175,000 leg and hip fractures each year, the best treatment is for an orthopaedic surgeon to implant a stiff metal rod, or intramedullary (IM) nail, through the center of the bone and fix the nail to the bone with screws (distal locking). Distal locking can be difficult and time-consuming step and presents two major challenges. First, the procedure uses C-arm fluoroscopy for gui ...

ABSTRACT Bullying and cyberbullying are highly prevalent forms of aggressive behavior among youth of all ages and have a wide variety of negative social and mental health consequences. Bullying in all its forms involves persistent and intentional threatening, aggressive or verbally abusive behavior directed toward others at relative disadvantage. These behaviors share a similar set of risk and pro ...

PROJECT SUMMARY Technology use among young children in the U.S. has become increasingly prevalent over the past decade, and the transition to online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic has renewed concerns among parents and educators about screen time. Recommendations for choosing high-quality apps and setting boundaries around device use are often conveyed through position statements, white pap ...

Abstract Hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis (hfTC) is a disease in which patients cannot produce the bioactive form of the hormone Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), which is secreted by osteocytes to rid the body of phosphate by acting on the kidney. hfTC is characterized by markedly elevated serum phosphate (Pi) which causes large intramuscular calcifications to develop. The calcifi ...

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is subdivided into ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), constitutes a prevalent and growing clinical health problem worldwide. These diseases are characterized by debilitating symptoms including diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fatigue, and increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, IBD patients have perturbed intestinal microbiomes ...

PROJECT SUMMARY Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic disorder in the world and affects 650,000 Americans. ADPKD is caused by mutations in Pkd1 or Pkd2 that trigger proliferation and fluid secretion by renal tubular epithelial cells into cysts, which bilaterally enlarge the kidney and lead to progressive loss of kidney function. There is no cure for ADPK ...

The first 3 years of a child’s life are critical in setting the stage for future learning, behavior, and health. Children living in poverty during these formative years are exposed to environments characterized by insufficient human service resources and greater exposure to multiple forms and frequency of adverse events, which can undermine their developmental potential. Home visiting has become ...