Award Data

IN THE LAST TWO YEARS, THERE HAVE BEEN INCREASING CONCERNS ABOUT THE POTENTIALLY LARGE COOLING OF THE LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE RESULTING FROM THE SOOT AND DUST INJECTED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE BY THE EXPLOSIONS AND SECONDARY FIRES FROM NUCLEAR EXCHANGES, THE SO-CALLED "NUCLEAR WINTER" SCENARIOS. HERE WE ARGUE THAT, IN ADDITION TO DUST AND SOOT, A LARGE NUMBER OF TRACE GASES (NO[X], H[2]0, HC, CH[4]) C ...

THE GOAL OF THIS PHASE I EXPERIMENTAL EFFORT IS TO DEMONSTRATE THE FEASIBILITY OF USING AN OPTICAL GLASS AS A SENSING ELEMENT FOR VERY HIGH PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS. CURRENTLY, PIEZO-ELECTRIC GAUGES ARE TYPICALLY USED. AS THESE SENSORS ARE ELECTRICAL IN NATURE, THEY ARE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (EMI) WHICH IS CREATED IN A NUCLEAR EVENT. THE PROPOSED FIBER OPTIC SENSOR BASED ...

PRESHOCKED PRECONDITIONING OF TUFF MAY OCCUR IN TWO MANNERS AT THE NEVADA TEST SITE. FIRST, THE MATERIAL IS "PRESHOCKED" IN A LINEOF-SIGHT TYPE UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR TEST BY THE FIRST WAVE PASSAGE. THE SECOND MANNER MAY OCCUR AS A RESULT OF AREAL SPACE LIMITATIONS WHEN A SECOND EVENT IS SITED WITHIN A REGION OF PRESHOCKED MATERIAL. UNDER CERTAIN LOAD-UNLOADED CONDITIONS THE MATERIAL STRENGTH MAY BE ...

SHEAR DISPLACEMENT ALONG ROCK MASS DISCONTINUITIES (JOINTS) UNDER SATURATED, UNDRAINED CONDITIONS IS ONE OF THE CRITICAL FAILURE MODES FOR A DYNAMICALLY LOADED DEEP BASE STRUCTURE. THE FAILURE MODE HAS NOT BEEN EXPERIMENTALLY SIMULATED FOR DEEP BASE CONDITIONS. THE COMBINED APPLICATION OF NORMAL AND SHEAR STRESSES AT DYNAMIC RATES, WITHOUT PORE PRESSURE DRAINAGE, IS LIKELY TO PRODUCE HIGH PORE PRE ...

THIS IS A FEASIBILITY STUDY TO EVALUATE THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID DEPOSITION OF ENERGY IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE AT LEVELS COMPARABLE WITH MEGATON DETONATIONS AT 200 KILOMETERS TO PROVIDE BASELINE DATA FOR PREDICTING INFRARED EMISSIONS FROM HIGH ALTITUDE NUCLEAR DETONATIONS. PREVIOUS MEASUREMENTS UTILIZED PULSES OF ELECTRONS LASTING SEVERAL SECONDS. IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE HIGHER ENERGY D ...