Award Data

Instead of being sent to flare which contributes to energy loses and greenhouse gas emissions, many refinery off-gases could be converted into valuable chemicals such as hydrogen. However, the refinery off-gases contain large concentrations of sulfur that must be removed to prevent the poisoning of the nickel-based steam reforming catalyst used in hydrogen production. Traditionally, deep desulfuri ...

The Department of Energy supports collaborative research centers for electron beam microcharacterization of materials. Within these facilities, in situ transmission-electron-microscopy (TEM) tensile testing has been a powerful tool for revealing underlying physical mechanisms when materials are subjected to stress. However, all commercial in situ TEM tensile holders suffer from the absence of qu ...

Physical separation technologies use a tremendous amount of energy in the processing industries. In particular, vibrating machines are used for dewatering, screening, sizing, mixing, compacting, and conveying. Although vibrating machines are not the single most energy intensive step in a processing plant, they are often a major bottleneck in the process, and improvements would offer tremendous p ...

Negative-electron-affinity (NEA) photocathodes, which produce polarized electrons, are a vital component of current electron accelerators. However, future systems, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), will require significant upgrades to these photocathodes. For example, the polarized electron beam intensity will need to be at least 20 times greater than that produced by strained GaA ...

Negative-electron-affinity photocathodes, which produce polarized electrons, are a vital component of electron accelerators such as that at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Future systems, such as the International Linear Collider, will require a polarized electron beam intensity at least 20 times greater than produced by strained GaAs, which is used in the current generation of photocatho ...

For most commercial applications ¿ such as flame and arc sensing, air and water purification, and combustion monitoring ¿ the requirements for ultraviolet (UV) light detection are adequately provided by commercially available GaN-based photodiodes. However, many UV photon-counting and imaging applications ¿ including Cherenkov light detection, space-borne astronomy, and UV spectroscopy à ...

75333S Nanoindentation is the primary technique for assessing the nanomechanical behavior of small volumes of materials. With this technique, the force required to produce a given displacement into a sample by a sharp diamond tip is measured, and the hardness of the material being tested is determined analyzing the force-displacement curve. However, the microstructural origins of the measured me ...

79431S Negative-electron-affinity (NEA) photocathodes, which produce polarized electrons, are a vital component of electron accelerators. The Next Linear Collider (NLC) will require a polarized electron beam intensity at least 20 times greater than that which can be produced with strained GaAs, which is used in the current generation of photocathodes. In addition, the degree of electron polariz ...