Award Data

Statement of the Problem Being Addressed: Hard X-ray high-speed imaging (HSI) technique is a unique research tool for studying transient phenomena in hard and soft condensed matter, in systems far from equilibrium, including materials under extreme conditions (stress, heat, etc.), failure of materials on impact, and the self-propagating exothermic reactions in metallic multilayers. The Advanced Ph ...

High brightness and high average power Free Electron Lasers known as x-ray FELs, developed by DOE, are intently desired by the scientific community for their unique capabilities and for the opportunities they enable in the medical and biological sciences, such as imaging biological molecules or chemical reactions. Beam optics codes (particularly Particle-in-Cell codes) couple non-uniformity and su ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is Being Addressed. This project focuses primarily on resource adequacy, a critical component of power system reliability which sets design and long-term planning criteria for the type, level and location of system reserves to ensure the feasibility of reliable operation of the power system. Resource adequacy is a critical driver of power system planning ...

X-ray optical components are required to perform a new level of material characterization at the nanometer scale and are critically needed for the advancement of emerging nanotechnology and other cutting-edge applications. Development of reflective and transmissive X-ray optics, able to reduce the spot size down to a diameter of few nm, is a significant achievement that may spur new frontiers in n ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is Being Addressed Near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) offers the use of a nano-dimension light energy source with a diameter much smaller than the wavelength of light to achieve resolutions significantly (around 10 times) better than the usual optical microscope. NSOM has found wide usages and become an important measurement instrument for ...

Statement of the Problem or Situation that is being addressed: Effective light extraction remains one of the largest obstacles in realizing LED performance targets of efficiency and lifetime, and also plays into the brightness and cost of LEDs. Addressing this challenge with a cost effective solution represents one of the biggest opportunities towards broader commerciali ...

Problem Being Addressed: United States competitiveness would benefit from increased speed of delivery of new material- and molecular systems for clean energy by enabling predictive modeling & simulation-based design of such systems prior to synthesis. These computational predictive capabilities are also important in the areas of atomic and molecular physics, chemistry and chemical biology, coheren ...

Statement of Problem Acrylic acid is a global commodity chemical used in acrylic paints, coatings, adhesives, detergents, and hygienic products. The current method to manufacture acrylic acid is a complex, energy intensive process, based on hydrocarbon feedstocks. This proposal will provide a novel selective catalytic reactive distillation technology for the manufacture of acrylic acid from biomas ...

Statement of the problem or situation that is being addressed in your proposal. Compact, broad band, high speed hyperspectral imagers are needed for dynamic vegetation trait determination from unmanned aerial vehicle platforms. Dynamic trait determination will replace incomplete plant functional type classification limited by fixed parameterization with the result of more accurate prediction of ca ...

Proposal Technical Abstract: Atmospheric oxygen provides one of the most powerful tracers to study the carbon cycle through its close interaction with carbon dioxide. Keeling and co-workers demonstrated this at the global scale by using small variations in atmospheric oxygen content to disentangle oceanic and terrestrial carbon sinks. It would be very exciting to apply similar ideas at the ecosyst ...