Award Data

70585S02-II The most favored techniques for monochromatizing neutron beams, needed for medical, industrial and scientific purposes, are mechanical reflection and diffraction methods, both of which have limited efficiency and great cost. Furthermore, neutrons can be used for imaging, particularly for objects that are invisible to x-rays, light, or other techniques; however, neutron imaging has ...

70753B02-II Energy production and the combustion of fossil fuels are sources of organic aerosols that have been linked to environmental degradation, human health problems, and changes in the radiative transfer properties of earth¿s atmosphere. New techniques are needed for the time-resolved in-situ characterization of the organic composition of atmospheric aerosols in order to understand thei ...

70114S02-II Because lighting in the U.S. uses 20 quadrillion BTU's annually, any incremental improvements in lighting efficiency could yield major national savings. Therefore, this project will develop a Micro-Java Building Environment Controller (MJBEC) for real-time intelligent lighting management, using existing AC power lines for communications. The MJBEC will be suitable for the control ...

70462S02-II Nearly half of the expected 50% improvement in wind turbine production will come from towers that will be twice the height of those common in the late 1980s. Although much technology input has gone into blades, the technology for towers has been at a virtual standstill. This is especially true for large Megawatt-size turbines, because the cost of the steel and concrete towers consti ...

70920S02-II There is a need for more cost effective enzyme systems for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars for the production of ethanol. Cellobiohydrolase could be an effective enzyme for the efficient breakdown of lignocellulose, but little effort has been expended on improving the technical efficacy of this class of cellulases, either by harnessing natural biodiv ...

70801S02-II Photonic band gap (PBG) structures have been proposed for applications as particle accelerators or high power microwave/millimeter wave sources. PBG structures have unique modal properties that cause some modes to be ¿trapped¿ within a portion of the lattice while other modes exist throughout the whole structure and can be attenuated away from the trapped mode. This project will ...

70802S02-II Future linear colliders require high brightness, polarized electron/positron beams for high energy physics experiments. Although photoelectrons with over 80% polarization have been produced in dc guns, the transverse emittance of the polarized electron beam from the dc gun is not low enough to meet the brightness and luminosity requirements of linear colliders. This project will ...

70868S02-II The radio frequency (RF) photoinjector is one of the great accelerator inventions in recent years. Unfortunately, its performance is limited by space charge effects, particularly at the cathode where electrons are first created at thermal energies. The lowest emittance achieved so far is on the order of a few mm-mrad. However, future linear colliders and 4th generation light sour ...

70311S02-II Many remote gas resources (including offshore and subsea) are presently not produced because of the high cost and complexity of the processing equipment needed to lower the dew point, separate liquids, and supply compression so that the gas can be transported to a point of use. This project will develop a compact device to condense and separate the natural gas liquids from water an ...

70892B02-II Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) is one of the most promising cathode materials for high-power Li-ion batteries because of its cost, safety, and environmental advantages over other materials. However, its lack of stability in Li-ion cells at high temperatures is well known and has limited its commercial use. This project will develop a novel, low cost concept for stabilizing LiMn ...