Award Data

X-ray optical components are required to perform a new level of material characterization at the nanometer scale and are critically needed for the advancement of emerging nanotechnology and other cutting-edge applications. Development of reflective and transmissive X-ray optics, able to reduce the spot size down to a diameter of few nm, is a significant achievement that may spur new ...

One of the key parameters affecting the role of atmospheric aerosols in global climate is aerosol hygroscopicity, which describes the water uptake of aerosol particles. Hygroscopicity affects the scattering of light by individual particles; it is important to heterogeneous chemical transformations; and it plays a significant role in the formation and microphysical properties of clouds, all of whi ...

The size-dependent concentration of airborne particles plays a critical role in the direct scattering and absorption of light, and in the physical characteristics, lifetime and spatial extent of clouds. These factors affect the earth’s radiation balance, and hence climate. Yet these effects are not adequately quantified, in part because of insufficient data on the size and concentration of atmos ...

This Small Business Innovation Research Phase IIB project addresses the need for new widespread datasets to help reduce uncertainties in current predictions of climate change and to improve our understanding of the health impacts of air pollutants. The continued development and commercialization of new compact instruments for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) will include modules to measure aerosol ...

Due to enormous growth of Internet traffic, the scale and responsiveness required for delivering applications to end users can be cost-effectively achieved by the increased adoption of cloud-based, virtualized services built by widespread use of compute, storage, and network virtualization. Therefore, IT infrastructures of enterprises, R&E networks (e.g., DOE ESnet), and commercial network op ...

Freedom Photonics proposes to develop custom Photonic ICs to allow for dynamic optical packet-switched Tbps optical networks for supercomputers, LAN or data center applications. General statement of how this problem is being addressed: The problem is being addressed through fast-tunable transmitters and optical burst mode receivers. What is to be done in Phase I?: Phase I will address the networ ...

The Department of Energy (DOE) seeks useful methods of generating intense beams of reaccelerated rare isotopes for the next-generation Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), currently under construction at Michigan State University. Stopping high-energy, heavy-ion reaction products in fast-release solid catchers is an important method to be developed for realizing intense beams of short-lived iso ...

While modern transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is an incredibly powerful tool for nanoscience and biology, in terms of information theory it is extremely inefficient; the information obtained per electron striking the sample is a small fraction of what information theory says it could be. Not only does this slow down data acquisition, it also greatly increases the radiation dose to ...

The increased accessibility via remote login, along with steadily growing numbers of HPC users and projects, poses a challenging question for HPC system management: How to secure HPC systems and protect the data inside these systems? There are several challenging issues that prevent the direct deployment of existing personal computer or cloud security tools in HPC systems: 1) The overhead introduc ...

NOVA Scientific, Inc. proposes a Phase IIB SBIR program to further develop, refine, and commercialize a compact solid-state epithermal neutron imaging detector based on microchannel plates (MCPs), having (1) high detection efficiency well into the epithermal neutron energy range, and (2) the flexibility of having an externally-mounted pixelated electronic readout mated directly onto a hermetically ...