Award Data

75521S Radio frequency (RF) cavities are a key component in particle accelerators for fundamental high-energy physics research and medical applications. To enhance their capabilities, niobium-coated superconducting copper cavities have shown promise for supporting higher electric field gradients when compared to non-superconducting designs. However, a satisfactory coating method has not been de ...

75903-Neutron radiography, which uses nuclear reactors and accelerators as sources of neutrons, has been demonstrated to be an excellent method for imaging high-density, thick objects for the detection of corrosion, voids, and cracks, particular in nuclear power plants. Unfortunately, no high brightness neutron sources exist that are portable, inexpensive and capable of neutron radiography in sho ...

75422B The increase of atmospheric CO2 from fossil fuel combustion is a major contributor to global warming and climate change. Improved measurement technology for directly determining the exchange fluxes of the stable isotopes of CO2 is crucial to understanding the natural carbon cycle, which transforms atmospheric CO2 into biological carbon, and to develop strategies to mitigate the problem. ...

75716S Aerosol particles in the atmosphere have important effects on visibility, acid deposition, climate, and human health. A significant amount of anthropogenic aerosols is generated from energy-related activities, and organic compounds are known to constitute a significant fraction of ambient aerosol mass in many locations. However, there is a lack of are real-time, size-resolved, quantitati ...

76023-Among the contributors to atmospheric pollution, carboxylic acids (including mono- and dicarboxylic acids, aliphatic ketoacids, and aromatic acids) are an important class of oxygenated, organic compounds in atmospheric aerosols. To better understand their sources and atmospheric transformation processes, an automated method for measuring their concentration is required. This project will d ...

75905S Solid state lighting based on organic light emitting diodes (OLED) offers significant gains in power efficiency, color quality, and lifetime, with less cost and environmental impact than traditional incandescent and fluorescent lights. However, currently available OLED devices do not meet the power efficiency and lifetime requirements for general lighting. Among several limiting factors, ...

75096S Although CsI(Tl) has become the scintillator of choice for a wide variety of applications, it is not been widely used in radionuclide imaging or computed tomography (CT). The primary reason is the presence of an afterglow component in its scintillation decay, which reduces the energy resolution in emission tomography and results in image blur in CT. In addition, thick, pixelated scintill ...

75745S The utilization of high neutron fluxes (such as at new DOE Spallation Neutron Source, SNS, which is used for materials science studies) is often limited by detection systems, particularly scintillators. For example, the widely-used ZnS:Ag/LiF phosphor, although very bright, is slow and opaque to its own light, forcing the use of thin layers and compromising detection efficiency. This pro ...

75438S With the ever-increasing number of human diseases being modeled in small animals such as mice and rats, the high resolution radionuclide imaging (such as SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography) of these small animals is required. Clinical SPECT scanners used for human imaging are bulky, expensive, and do not have adequate spatial resolution for small animal studies. Dedicated, ...

75530S Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful imaging tool that can provide diagnosis for symptoms of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, head trauma and stroke. However, the performance of current clinical PET systems is limited by available detector technology, and there is an urgent need for improvement in PET instrumentation, in order to exploit the full potential of this ...