Award Data

The Arctic is warming at a rate that is nearly twice the global average. Low, shallow, stratus clouds are persistent from spring through early winter in the Arctic and are strong contributors to warming and ice melt in the Arctic. These clouds allow visible sunlight to penetrate to the surface, but trap long- wave radiation emanating upwards from the surface. The result is a cloud blanket that war ...

SASE x-ray FELs are limited to

Many atomic processes occur on timescales that are as short as tens to hundreds of femtoseconds. While pulsed lasers have the temporal resolution to investigate these processes, they cannot provide the requisite spatial resolution. Ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and Dynamic transmission electron microscopy are pulsed electron techniques that have been recently developed to probe the dynamics ...

Ceramic matrix composites, or composites, allow for higher operating temperatures in nuclear reactors and provide improved accident tolerance. However, composites cannot be processed like metals and require joining techniques like brazing to obtain complex three-dimensional shapes. Brazing is not the ideal solution, as brazed joint material may not be chemically stable, hermetic, or neutron irradi ...

High wall resistivity can cause heating and instabilities in accelerators. Electron clouds in accelerators limit machine performance through associated dynamical instabilities and/or vacuum pressure increases. Coating accelerator vacuum tubes with compacted thick crystalline copper will mitigate those problems and can enhance luminosity. General statement of how this problem is being addressed. Th ...

In the modern technological era, many breakthroughs rely on understanding how advanced nanoscopic materials or devices operate at rates approaching or exceeding 1 GHz. This requires adequate instrumentation. At the moment, none of electron- or photon-based time-resolved techniques/tools is able to provide GHz-scale sampling rates. Factors limiting sampling rates at light sources are complex, and e ...

A major problem facing the existing U.S. fleet of Light Water Reactor facilities is stress corrosion cracking of austenitic nickel and iron alloys, which comprise the bulk of wetted components in LWR facilities; up to 70% of wetted non-fuel areas in a typical facility, making this problem particularly widespread and especially prevalent with extended service life. Cold spray technology offers an e ...

The Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Physics Research supports user facilities studying the physics of rare radioisotopes. The facilities produce sufficient quantities of rare radioisotopes to be studied and possibly used for new applications, including medical diagnostics and treatment. The DOE Office of Nuclear Physics Isotope Program supports the US supply of many important uncommon ...

Ethylene demand is expected to increase by 50% domestically and worldwide over the next 5 years with a scramble to increase supply via expansion or grass root facilities. US capacity will remain at about 20% of the world’s supply and exceed 100 BPPY. To meet this challenge, US-DOE has invented a mixed metal oxide catalyst, M1 for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2-ODH) to ethylene at hi ...

There is an urgent need to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from coal burning power plants. Current CO2 capture technologies are too expensive and not economically viable. A new technology that can capture ~90% of the CO2 and significantly reduce the cost of capture is required for commercial viability. Statement of How this Problem is Being Addressed:This project is aimed at the development of ...