Award Data

Atmospheric aerosols influence the earths radiation balance through direct scattering and absorption of radiation, and through alteration in the formation, brightness and extent of clouds. The concentrations and size distribution of aerosols aloft is important to these effects. Needed is a method to capture the size-resolved vertical profiles of those particles in the 10 600 nm size range that do ...

The DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase (Kbase) was envisioned to provide a framework to support modeling of dynamic cellular processes of microorganisms, plants and metacommunities. The Kbase will provide the tools and data to permit rapid iteration of experiments that draw on a variety of data types and allow endusers to infer how cells and communities respond to natural or induced perturbations, ...

Flywheels are being implemented for frequency regulation by electric utilities but are suitable in a broader role of providing energy storage for greater effectiveness and acceptance of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Increasing the energy density is key to expanding the flywheels role in these areas.The proposed work will accomplish this goal via development and commercialization ...

Development is in progress on free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation light sources, and other advanced particle beam devices. A key component of the electron gun is a high efficiency photocathode. A serious issue is cathode lifetime, which is often a few hours. There is a need for advanced photocathodes that are efficient, robust, and capable of long life. The proposed program will utilize re ...

There is a growing need for new SPM techniques that provide additional information about the sample with higher data rates. In microwave harmonic scanning tunneling microscopy (MHSTM) a microwave signal is coupled to the STM, and several harmonics that are generated by the nonlinearity of the tunneling junction are measured to provide spectroscopic information about the sample such as identifying ...

The development of high quality, high power electron beam photoinjectors is of great interest to free electron lasers and energy recovery linac facilities. One major hurdle is the achievement of high quantum efficiency (QE) from photoinjector cathodes. Semiconductor cathodes offer high efficiency, yet require ideal vacuum conditions and cryogen cooling. Metal cathodes are more prompt and robust wi ...