Award Data

70558 The control and dynamic operation of Fuel Cell/Turbine Hybrid power plants will require a synergy of operation between subsystems, increased reliability of operation, and reduction in maintenance and downtime. Futhermore, the control strategy of the power plant will play a significant role in system stability and in ensuring the protection of equipment to promote maximum life. T ...

70814B02-II Measurements of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 and CO from aircraft and from remote sites play a central role in observational strategies intended to quantify the sources and sinks of carbon and to control global warming from greenhouse gas emissions. Improved measurement techniques that are highly sensitive, automated, and robust are needed to quantify changes in the carbon conte ...

76181-This project will develop a cost-effective, programmable signal processor for the triggering of nuclear and high energy physics experiments. Arrays of latest generation Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs) will be configured so as to efficiently solve for real-time vertex location in nuclear and high energy physics experiments. In Phase I, algorithms for vertex determination will be devel ...

75119-The achievement of high microwave fields in next-generation high-energy particle accelerators will require, among other things, that field emission and breakdown be held to within strict upper limits. One means to achieve this goal is to devise rugged thin-film coatings for vulnerable copper surfaces, providing a higher work function than copper alone. This project will evaluate a variety ...

75748-Cathodes have a dominant influence on the quality of the electron beams produced from laser photo-cathodes in radio frequency (rf) guns used as injectors in many electron accelerators. Similar limitations are also suffered by thermionic cathodes in diode guns used in high-power rf amplifiers for accelerator applications. These limitations could be surmounted by a field-emission cold cathod ...

75368-Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) may find widespread application as replacements for fluorescent lighting, small displays, and general indoor/outdoor illumination. However, advanced packaging materials are needed to improve their lifetime and durability. This project will develop a transparent, high-barrier polymer composite system for encapsulating OLEDs. The composite materials, c ...

75295-While computational capacity at DOE¿s flagship computer centers continues to increase, there is a corresponding increase in need for interactive data analysis. Although researchers are capable of generating unprecedented amounts of data, they also need access to facilities and software that allow them to gain insight into the scientific phenomena hidden in their simulation or experimenta ...

79252 As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, there is mounting pressure on automobile manufacturers to substantially lower unburnt hydrocarbon emissions. This will require monitoring the hydrocarbon content in the exhaust with more accuracy than currently possible using the two oxygen sensor system. This requirement is especially important during start-up conditions, which a ...

79737B Only half of the estimated carbon delivered to the atmosphere by human activities in the 1990s remains there. The "missing" carbon was absorbed by terrestrial ecosystems and oceans, thus mitigating human perturbations to the carbon cycle. Carbon isotopes play a central role in understanding this terrestrial carbon sink at a variety of scales, but instrumentation to directly measure carbon ...

78150B The catalytic reforming of diesel fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems must overcome a number of challenging issues: (1) the deactivation of the catalyst by sintering and sulfur poising; (2) the requirement for a large fuel processing system as a result of high space velocity requirements; and (3) the lack of durability of the catalysts, which require frequent replacement due to "c ...