Award Data

In this program, we will develop a breakthrough technology that will enable wafer-scale epitaxial lift-off (ELO) of GaN power device heterostructures from low-dislocation-density bulk GaN substrates. This technology will be used to provide a low-cost vertical junction field effect transistors (VJFETs) with high breakdown voltage (greater than 1,200 V) and high current capability (greater than 100 ...

Software development faces many challenges as high-performance computing (HPC) moves towards exascale: scalability, programmability, performance portability, resilience, and energy efficiency. To tackle these challenges, fundamental shifts in the basic execution models and programming models employed by HPC software are required. In particular, commonly used linear algebra libraries performance s ...

High Performance Computing technology has advanced significantly, and advanced parallel computers are being built, with DOE leadership. Yet, the American engineering and manufacturing industry has not started leveraging parallel computing at a significant level, partly because of the challenging nature of modern simulation software. US competitiveness in manufacturing may suffer due to its ineffe ...

Cryogenic soft X-ray detectors are enabling new analytical capabilities for science, engineering, materials characterization, and time-resolved studies. X-ray microcalorimeter detectors are increasingly being used at synchrotron light sources, with scanning electron microscopes and other analytical instrumentation. These detectors must be protected from the environments in which they operate by so ...

The continuous push towards higher photon energies and higher imaging resolution has brought current state- of-theart X-ray focusing zone plates to a limit of 20 nm resolution at & lt;10 keV photon energies. Zone plates for focusing with same or better resolution at energies up to 25 keV are necessary for imaging and elemental analyses of multi-element samples, such as nano-composites, biological ...

Industrial and utility applications utilizing dry cooling for condensing process steam are less efficient than their closed-loop cooling counterparts, resulting in higher energy consumption and operating costs. However, dry cooling is a necessary process in areas where cooling water supply is not available due to competing demands for water. The inefficiencies in dry cooling are largely due to ...

This proposal addresses the need for low-cost sensors to provide accurate, long-term in-situ monitoring of soil moisture content, and other physical and chemical soil properties of relevance to carbon cycling. Vista Clara proposes to develop very low-cost, highly accurate unattended NMR soil moisture measurement sensors for long term monitoring of soil moisture and other physical and chemical prop ...

The increase in extreme weather events over the past several decades has underscored the need for regional planning strategies that will support future preparedness and mitigate climate change impact on local communities across the United States. While existing climate modeling tools for non-researchers support a conceptual understanding of climate change at the global level, they do not address t ...

The Climate Change Information System for Business and Industry (Climate Biz) will translate information derived from climate model simulations into industry-specific formats that will assist private sector executives and their firms to meet the challenge of climate change and thereby prosper in the decades ahead. The opportunity is two-fold. The private sector needs industry-specific informati ...

Quantitative, real-time detection of hazardous metal ions on-site is an important goal and remains a significant challenge while monitoring sources such as potable, ground, surface and industrial waters. Quantitative analysis of trace elements is predominantly done by sending the samples to a laboratory for testing by sophisticated analytical techniques, such as Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrom ...