Award Data

IN THE PROCESSING OF SOLIDS, RAPID METHODS ARE NEEDED TO DETERMINE ORGANIC AND MINERAL PARAMETERS WHICH CAN BE RELATED TO PROCESS BEHAVIOR. THIS PROPOSAL SUGGESTS THE DEVELOPMENT OF PHOTOACOUSTIC FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED (PA-FT-IR) SPECTROSCOPY FOR ON-LINE MONITORING OF FOSSIL FUEL FEEDSTOCKS AND PROCESS STREAM SOLIDS FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS: (A) FT-IR TECHNIQUES HAVE RECENTLY BEEN DEVELOPED W ...

OZONE IS A VALUABLE ALTERNATE TO CHLORINE FOR THE DISINFECTION OF WASTEWATER AND WATER. IT GENERATES NO CHLORINATED ORGANICS AND LEAVES NO RESIDUALS HARMFUL TO HUMAN HEALTH OR TOXIC TO MARINE LIFE. THE OZONE REACTS THROUGH FREE RADICAL OR POLAR MECHANISMS UNDER WATER TREATMENT CONDITIONS DEPENDING ON PH AND OTHER FACTORS. THE MECHANISM OF BACTERIAL DISINFECTION IS NOT COMPLETELY UNDERSTOOD. THE OZ ...

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GYROTRON OSCILLATORS ARE PRESENTLY VIEWED AS DEVICES CAPABLEOF FURNISHING THE HIGH POWER CW MILLIMETER WAVES REQUIRED FOR ELECTRON CYCLOTRON RESONANCE HEATING OF FUSION PLASMAS. THE REQUIRED SCALING FROM PRESENT 200 KW MSEC PULSED DEVICESLAMBDA = 5MM, TO CW MEGAWATT DEVICES AT LAMBDA = 1-2MM PUTS EXTREME DEMANDS UPON ELECTRON GUN AND COLLECTOR TECHNOLOGY, AND UPON RESONATOR WALL LOADING. THIS PROP ...

Cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that run on hydrogen are coated with a thin layer of conductive ionomer- The ionomer facilitates proton conduction to the costly platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst in the cathode, where oxygen reduction and reaction to form water occurs- Higher catalyst efficiency and lower catalyst loadings are desirable for industry PEMFC cost reductions- ...

C4 olefins are important petroleum refinery and petrochemical plant products- They are used in a variety of downstream processes, such as the production of alkylate fuel for gasoline- About 65 million metric tons of alkylate fuel is produced globally from C4 olefins- Other downstream products are secondary butyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, and butylene oxide, butyl rubber, and methyl methacrylate, ...

microwave power sources (such as klystrons) offering an increased efficiency (80% or above) are needed for various applications- Of a particular interest is a source at 952-6 MHz delivering 50kW (continuous) CW for the RF systems for ion acceleration in the Energy Electron Ion Collider EIC being developed at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility- A novel tube (klystron) concept with effic ...

A positron production target design is required to convert 100 kW or more of electron beam average power to produce positrons with good beam quality and possibly high polarization- Conventional high power positron targets usually rely on mechanically rotating the target to distribute the heat load- Mechanical complications for a rotating target include limited cooling water flow, vibration, eddy c ...

Through use excess or off-peak solar and wind electric power our integrated process will enable conversion of CO2 and H2O into drop-in liquid fuel products while exceeding DOE cost and CO2 efficiency goals; this excess power would otherwise result in power curtailment or waste- A major challenge for any process employing variably generation power is its intermittent nature- Wind is much more abund ...