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HEAT EXCHANGE MATRIX THE FUNCTION OF A HEAT EXCHANGER IS DEPENDENT UPON THE AREA OF EXPOSURE TO THE FLUIDS IN PROCESS. FINS ARE COMMONLY USED TO INCREASE EXTERNAL SURFACE AREAS. TO EXTEND THE INNER SURFACE OF A TUBE OR VESSEL IS MORE DIFFICULT AND THERE IS CURRENTLY NO COST EFFECTIVE METHOD TO DO SO. THIS REDEARCH IS TO DEVELOP THE USE OF A MATRIX COMPOSED OF SMALL, HOLLOW, METAL CYLINDERS, BRAZED ...

WHILE THE PI WAS ON LEAVE AT LAWRENCE LIVERMORE, A NEW CLASS OF MICROWAVE ELEMENTS WAS DEVELOPED, FABRICATED, AND TESTED. THE DESIGN OF THESE ELEMENTS COMBINES THE PRINCIPLES OF MICROWAVE TWIST REFLECTORS WITH THOSE OF DIGITAL HOLOGRAPHY. THE RESULT IS A SINGLE REFLECTOR WHICH, IN AN INDEPENDENT FASHION, CONTROLS BOTH THE PHASE AND POLARIZATION OF AN INCIDENT WAVEFRONT IN A NEARLY ARBITRARY FASHIO ...

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CORROSION, CONTAMINATION, AND SCALE FORMATION CAUSED BY IMPURITIES IN WATER AND STEAM IN THE NUCLEAR POWER REACTOR CYCLES ARE MAJOR AND COSTLY PROBLEMS OF THE US UTILITY INDUSTRY. CORROSION CRACKING AND DENTING OF THE PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR) CYCLE STEAM GENERATOR TUBES AND STRESS CORROSION OF THE BOILING WATER REACTOR (BWR) PIPING AND OF TURBINE DISCS ARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF THE CORROSION PR ...

OPERATING STRATEGIES HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED FOR BIOLOGICAL SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR) TREATMENT OF BOTH MUNICIPAL WWASTE (I.E. LOW-STRENGTH WASTES) AND INDUSTRIAL WASTES (I.E.HIGH-STRENGTH WASTES CONTAINING DIFFICULT TO DEGRADE ORGANICS). SBR SYSTEMS SHOULD ALSO OFFER ADVANTAGES FOR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF MIXED MUNCIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS THAT ARE RELATIVELY LOW STRENGTH, BUT CONTAIN INO ...

Cathodes in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that run on hydrogen are coated with a thin layer of conductive ionomer- The ionomer facilitates proton conduction to the costly platinum group metal (PGM) catalyst in the cathode, where oxygen reduction and reaction to form water occurs- Higher catalyst efficiency and lower catalyst loadings are desirable for industry PEMFC cost reductions- ...

C4 olefins are important petroleum refinery and petrochemical plant products- They are used in a variety of downstream processes, such as the production of alkylate fuel for gasoline- About 65 million metric tons of alkylate fuel is produced globally from C4 olefins- Other downstream products are secondary butyl alcohol, maleic anhydride, and butylene oxide, butyl rubber, and methyl methacrylate, ...

Xergy and RPI will develop a novel composite membrane that enables electrochemical hydrogen compression at > 1 kg/hour at 875 bar with an energy consumption of 1.4 kWh/kg, given hydrogen input at 100 bar. Phase I of this research will include synthesis of membrane samples, followed by bench-top evaluation of key performance characteristics, including polarization curves, Tafel plots, and evaluatio ...

Ethylene demand is expected to increase by 50% domestically and worldwide over the next 5 years with a scramble to increase supply via expansion or grass root facilities. US capacity will remain at about 20% of the world’s supply and exceed 100 BPPY. To meet this challenge, US-DOE has invented a mixed metal oxide catalyst, M1 for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (C2-ODH) to ethylene at hi ...

Synchrotron-based science has had a great scientific impact and will continue to have great impact going forward. For high brightness 3rd and 4th generation light sources, errors are almost completely due to distortion in the front-end optics caused by the high heat loads generated by the broadband radiation from the insertion device. Diamond offers a solution because of its low x-ray absorption a ...