Award Data

Hematopoiesis, the regulated production of mature blood cells, is a complex scheme of multilineage differentiation which occurs mainly in the bone marrow of adult mammals. Mature cells are continuously produced from progenitor (or precursor) cells. Consequently, assays which detect these progenitor cells are vital in many research and clinical settings. The current assay procedures suffer from a n ...

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The objective of this project is to develop a system for the optimized viewing of medical x-ray film. Illuminators currently used to view radiographs have a fixed-area, spatially uniform light output. This allows extraneous light to degrade visual performance and limits the viewable film density range to the dynamic range of the eye at a given adaptation level. The proposed viewing system will pro ...

There are 300 million people in the world who are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Available therapies for the elimination of HBV infection often have a transient effect only. These therapies do not specifically target HBV, and this, in part, is a basis for their limited and variable performances. We will seek to develop targeted antiviral drugs with a particular emphasis on HBV. ...

The challenge of predicting the toxic potential of chemicals has been met in the last few years by the development of sophisticated structure-activity methodologies. However, most of the endpoints studied dealt with in vitro or whole animal effects. The challenge presented by the RFP is to extend the scope of the methodologies to address the organ specific toxicity of chemicals. This is now made p ...

The goal of the research is to develop a potent, pharmacologically useful inhibitor of farnesyltransferase for use as a new therapeutic agent for cancer. The Ras family of oncogenes and proto-oncogenes encode guanine nucleotide binding proteins that participate in the control of eukaryotic cell proliferation. Ras proteins are modified posttranslationally by transfer of a farnesyl moiety to specifi ...

The goal of the research is to develop a potent pharmacologically useful inhibitor of the CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase. CD45 is a transmembrane protein having a highly glycosylated extracellular region and a cytosolic domain which possesses tyrosine phosphatase activity. CD45 plays a critical role in the activation of both T- and B-lymphocytes, thus, inhibitors of CD45 may represent new immun ...

In our increasingly complex society, everyday decision making requires a basic understanding of technology. To improve the science competency of American Students, educators have suggested that science and math curricula focus more on problem-solving and less on memorizing facts. We proposed to develop an expert system shell to be used to teach scientific problem-solving and other learning skills ...

As the size and complexity of biomedical databases increases, researchers will find it difficult to keep track of the relationships between the data and their ideas. We propose to develop a Database, Text, and Idea Linker (DTAIL) to help scientists create a personal database view. These hypertext-like tools would attach notes and comments to entries, link entries as specified by the user, and form ...

THIS RESEARCH PROJECT IS DIRECTED AT DEVELOPING AN OPERATOR PERCEPTION MODEL BASED ON INSIGHT FROM EMPIRICAL PERCEPTION DATA COMBINED WITH KNOWLEDGE OF HOW THE HUMAN VISION SYSTEM PROCESSES INFORMATION. AS A FIRST STEP IN THIS DIRECTION, WE ARE PROSPOSING TO COLLECT PERCEPTUAL DATA AND USE THIS DATA TO DEVELOP, IMPLEMENT, AND EVALUATE CONCEPT APPROACHES FOR AUGMENTING HUMAN OPERATOR PERFORMANCE IN ...