Award Data

THIS PROJECT INVESTIGATES A NEW TYPE OF HIGH Q RESONANT STRUCTURE, WHICH HAS RECENTLY BEEN DEMONSTRATED, TO DEVELOP HIGH GRADIENT, SUPERCONDUCTING ACCELERATOR CAVITIES. BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF A PHOTONIC BAND GAP (PBG) RESONATOR, THESE NEW STRUCTURES ARE PHYSICALLY SIGNIFICANTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE RESONANT CAVITIES CURRENTLY USED IN NORMAL SUPERCONDUCTING DEVICES. A RESONANT MODE SUITABLE FOR ACCE ...

THIS PHASE I RESEARCH PROJECT INVOLVES THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPATIALLY DEFINED ARRAYS OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES AND THE USE OF THESE ARRAYS TO STUDY DNA SEQUENCING BY HYBRIDIZATION. NEWLY DEVELOPED TECHNIQUES IN LIGHT-DIRECTED POLYMER SYNTHESIS ARE BEING APPLIED TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAYS, TO EXPLORATION OF KINETIC AND SOLVENT-RELATED PARAMETERS OF TARGET HYBRIDIZATION TO THE ARRA ...

A CRITICAL NEED EXISTS FOR A DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS AND DENSITIES OF CONFINED ENERGETIC ION COMPONENTS IN DEUTERIUM-TRITUIM (D-T) BURNING FUSION TOKAMAKS (E.G., CONFINED ALPHA-PARTICLES WITH 3.5 MEV BIRTH ENERGY). COLLECTIVE THOMSON SCATTERING (CTS) IS RECOGNIZED AS THE MOST ATTRACTIVE APPROACH FOR OBTAINING THIS INFORMATION. A CO2 LASER-PUMPED FAR-INFRARED (FIR) ...

CHEMICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY SEPARATIONS CONSUME AS MUCH AS 4.4 QUADS OF ENERGY ANNUALLY IN THE UNITED STATES. MANY OF THESE SEPARATIONS INVOLVE REMOVING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS FROM AQUEOUS PROCESS STREAMS. SEVERAL TYPES OF CONVENTIONAL UNIT OPERATIONS ARE USED TO REMOVE OR DESTROY ORGANICS IN AQUEOUS PROCESS STREAMS, OR TO CLEAN UP GROUNDWATER THAT HAS BEEN CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. HOWEVER, T ...

LARGE QUANTITIES OF VOLATILE ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS (VOCS) ARE DISCHARGED FROM INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE RECOVERY OF VOCS OFFERS BOTH ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS: EACH KILOGRAM OF ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS RECOVERED AND REUSED REPRESENTS ONE LESS KILOGRAM THAT MUST BE MANUFACTURED. THIS OPERATION REDUCES RAW-MATERIAL COSTS AND THE ENERGY COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE SYNTHESIS AND ...

ABOUT 25 PERCENT OF U.S. NATURAL GAS RESERVES ARE RENDERED UNUSABLE BY HYDROGEN SULFIDE (H2S) CONTAMINATION; IF THIS SOUR GAS WERE TREATED, OR "SWEETENED", THE RESERVES COULD PROVIDE ENOUGH NATURAL GAS TO MEET THE ANNUAL NATIONAL DEMAND FOR 6 YEARS. CURRENT SOUR-GAS SWEETENING PROCESSES PRODUCE TOXIC AND ENVIRONMENTALLY UNACCEPTABLE EMISSIONS, AND THEY WILL NOT BE ADEQUATE FOR FULLY UTILIZING THE ...

IT IS IMPORTANT TO DETECT NATURAL GAS LEAKS FOR WORKER SAFETY REASONS AS WELL AS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS. THE ACCEPTED TECHNIQUES FOR DETECTING SUCH LEAKS ARE BASED ON SLOW AIR SNIFFING SYSTEMS THAT DETECT THE MAJOR CONSTITUENT OF NATURAL GAS (METHANE) THROUGH CHEMICAL MEANS. ALTHOUGH AIR SNIFFING TECHNIQUES ARE SENSITIVE, THEY ARE SLOW AND MUST BE EMPLOYED IN THE IMMEDIATE VICINITY OF TH ...

THE FEASIBILITY OF SMART CARDS FOR THE PUBLIC TRANSIT INDUSTRY HAS NOT BEEN ESTABLISHED. THERE IS A PERCEPTION THAT SMART CARDS CAN BE USED TO REDUCE THE TOTAL TRANSACTIONCOSTS ASSOCIATED WITH FARE PAYMENT, TO IMPROVE SECURITY, REDUCE FRAUD AND IMPROVE SYSTEM PERFORMANCE AND RIDERSHIP. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS PROGRAM IS TO DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATENESS OF THESE CLAIMS; THIS WILL BE ACCOMPLISHED BY R ...

MATERIALS EROSION IN THE HIGH TEMPERATURE RADIATIVE ENVIRONMENT OF THERMONUCLEAR REACTORS SEVERELY LIMITS DESIGN OPTIONS. LOWER SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND REDUCED EROSION OF OF THE PLASMA FACING MATERIALS MAY BE ACHIEVED WITH COMPOSITE MATERIALS DESIGNED TO HAVE ENHANCED HEAT CAPACITY AS WELL AS HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY. EXISTING DESIGNS ARE BASED ON GRAPHITIC MATERIALS THAT HAVE GOOD THERMAL CONDU ...

PARAMETRIC STUDIES OF NEXT-GENERATION ELECTRON LINEAR COLLIDERS AND RESULTS PRESENTED DURING THE LAST THREE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOPS CONTINUE TO SUPPORT EARLIER CONTENTIONS THAT THE MOST FAVORABLE CHOICE OF LINAC FREQUENCY IS IN THE RANGE OF 10 TO 20 GHZ, WITH PARTICULAR INTEREST IN THE UPPER END OF THE BAND. ALTHOUGH CONSIDERABLE INTEREST EXISTS IN 17 GHZ LINEAR COLLIDER CONCEPTS-AND SOME RESEARCH ...